Vol. 2, No. 3, May 2010


NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES

       Adrian Iosub, Eugen Axinte, Florin Negoescu
A Study about micro-drilling by electrical discharge method of an Al/SiC hybrid composite

Abstract: In the present study, the influence of the most relevant parameters of Electrical Discharge Machining over material removal rate, electrode wear and machined surface quality of a hybrid metal matrix composite material (Al/SiC) has been carried out. The material used in this study is aluminium matrix composite reinforced with 7 % SiC and 3.5 % graphite. The hybrid composite was machined using 27 brass tools with Ø = 3.97 mm. Different pulse on-times (t_on), pulse off time (t_off) and peak current values (I_p) was used for each electrode. For the experiments, a full factorial design was used. Regression analysis was applied for developing a mathematical model. The hybrid SiC/Al composite material can easily be machined by EDM and a good surface quality can be obtained by controlling the machining parameters.

Keywords: hybrid composite, electrical discharge, drilling, removal rate, tool wear.

Pages: 6-12

       Kabir Sadeghi, Fatemeh Nouban
A simplified energy based damage index for structures subjected to cyclic loading

Abstract: A simplified damage index applicable to reinforced concrete and steel structures subjected to cyclic loading is proposed. This damage index is based on an energy analysis method considering mainly the primary half-cycles energy transmitted to the structure during loading. The total primary half-cycles transmitted energy (at failure) is used as a normalizing factor.

Keywords: Cyclic loading, earthquake, energy, damage, reinforced concrete, steel, structures.

Pages: 13-17

       S.O. Igbinovia, N. Igbinovia
Investigating failed transformer: case study of a 100KVA, 11/o.415Kv burnt-out distribution transformer, Benin-city, Nigeria

Abstract: A burnt–out 100KVA, 11/0.415Kv distribution transformer with 26.51 voltage and current transformation ratios respectively have been investigated in this work. The methodology is based on the concept of copy creativity and the development of technology within. Routine and type tests were adopted to find out the probable causes of its failure and extent of damage.

Keywords: Unblade yoke, reblade yoke, coils, insulation, oil overheating, transformer laminations, segments, performance characteristics

Pages: 18-27

       Sorin Popa, Dragos Paraschiv, Octavian Lupescu, Ionel Sarbu, Ionut Popa, Ramona Scurtu (Popa)
Upon the fissure appearance causes in the grinding process of the bearings rings

Abstract: In this paper the authors, have been realized a cause’s analysis of the fissure appearance at the bearings rings in the grinding process. One of the main work instruments used to determine the cause’s appearance of some faults, in our case fissures, is also the cause-effect diagram, named also the Ishikawa or Fishbone diagram. This method supposes the prosecution of two analyses: the possible appearance of the fault causes, as well as, the effects produced by these causes.

Keywords: quality, chart, brainstorm

Pages: 28-35

       Onohaebi. O. Sunday, Omodamwen O. Samuel
Estimation of bus voltages, line flows and power losses in the nigeria 330Kv transmission grid

Abstract: This paper reviewed the Nigeria 330kV Transmission Grid with a view to estimate the bus voltages, line flows and power losses in the network. Data were collated from the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) on bus loading, generators, line lengths with associated impedances, transformers, etc and were used as input to the power flow analysis. The results obtained for the existing condition of the Nigerian 330 kV transmission Network indicate that the bus voltages at Kaduna, Kano, Jos and Gombe were out of tolerance, viz, Kaduna (298kV, 0.903pu), Kano (247kV, 0.75pu), Jos (251kV, 0.76pu) Gombe (217kV, 0.66pu).

Keywords: Bus voltage, Power losses, Distance, Loading, Transmission, Simulation, Power stations, Line losses, Buses.

Pages: 36-46

       Onohaebi. O. Sunday, Odiase O. Friday
Empirical modelling of power losses as a function of line loadings and lengths in the Nigeria 330Kv transmission lines

Abstract: In this paper, the relationship of the effect of distance and loadings on power losses using the existing 28 bus, 330kV Nigeria transmission network as a case study is presented. Simulation of various impedances associated with different lengths of lines for both single and double circuits of the network was achieved using the Power World Simulator. The results were then exported to Matlab 7.01 for analysis and modelling. The resulting models revealed that length and loading have considerable impact on power losses in the network. The developed models showed great reliability with percentage error as low as 0.03% , thus making the models suitable guides for both operators and designers of power systems in Nigeria.

Keywords: Power losses, distance, loading, transmission, simulation.

Pages: 47-53

       E.A. Ogujor, P. Otasowie
Pre-Paid Meter: Impact on Revenue Generation in Nigeria

Abstract: Faced with huge customer debt profile and revenue collection challenges Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) introduced the pre-paid meter in 2006 to aid in revenue collection. In this paper, we examine the impact of prepaid meter on revenue generation.

Keywords: Prepaid, post-paid, reliability, meter, power, electricity bill

Pages: 54-57

       Ali Haydar, Zafer Agdelen, Burcu Toker Ersoz
Application of fuzzy-neural system in the analysis of the relationship between patient satisfaction and service quality of governmental hospitals in TRNC

Abstract: A critical challenge for health services in developing countries is to find ways to make them more client-oriented. Assessing patient perspectives gives users a voice, which, if given systematic attention, offers the potential to make services more responsive to people’s needs and expectations, important elements of making health systems more effective. Studies have shown that health care utilization, a long-standing concern for many developing countries, is sensitive to user perceptions of quality. For these reasons, patient perceptions of health services are now an important part of quality assessment in health care.

Keywords: patient satisfaction, service quality, fuzzy c-means clustering, neural networks

Pages: 58-62

       Atef Al-Mashakbeh
Analysis of electroencephalogram to detect epilepsy

Abstract: The diagnosis of an abnormal activity of the brain functionality is a vital issue. To determine the type of the abnormal activity either a brain image or brain signal is usually considered. Imaging localizes the defect within the brain area and relates the area with the functionalities. However, some functions may be disturbed without affecting the brain. In this case, imaging may not provide the symptoms of the problem. A cheaper, yet efficient approach that can be utilized to detect abnormal activity is the measurement and analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The main goal of this work is to come up with a new method to facilitate the classification of the abnormal and disorder activities within the brain directly using EEG signal processing, which makes it possible to be applied in an on-line monitoring system.

Keywords: Electroencephalogram (EEG), EEG signal, abnormal activity, normal and abnormal EEG

Pages: 63-69

       A.R. Senoudi, F. Lallam, A. Boussaid, M. Benhamou
Numerical study of the effects of polymeric shell on plasmonic resonance of nanogolds

Abstract: In this study, use is made of finite element method for the calculation of effects of polymer coating on the plasmonic resonances of the gold nanospheres. Several plasmonics structures have dimensions much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light. Under these conditions, retardation effects are negligible and the field distribution problem then reduces to solve Laplace’s equation. A simple scheme based on the finite element method is developed, which allows us to compute the optical properties, such as the effective dielectric function and absorption cross section of metallic nanoparticles, embedded in dielectric matrix. Finally, our results are compared to those obtained using the theoretical Maxwell-Garnett model.

Keywords: Gold nanospheres, polymeric shell, optical properties, finite element method

Pages: 70-78

       Mabrouk Benhamou, M. Yassine, F. Benzouine, A. Derouiche, A. Bettachy, B. Ihya
Review on the structure and thermodynamics of nanoparticles with end-grafted long-polymer chains in solution

Abstract: In this review, we consider identical nanoparticles with f end-grafted polymer chains in solution. We denote by N the polymerization degree of the f attached chains. When the clothed particles are small enough, they can be regarded as star-polymers. We are interested in two physical systems, namely star-polymers in semi-dilute solution, with a lowmolecular- weight solvent, or in dilute solution, with a high-molecular-weight solvent.

Keywords: nanoparticles, polymer chains in solution, physical systems

Pages: 79-83

       B. Rysbaiuly, A.T. Baymankulov
Variational-difference method for determining the diffusion coefficient of soil water

Abstract: The work proposes an iterative difference method, in order to determine the diffusion coefficient of soil water. As a result were obtained priori estimates for solving direct and dual difference problem. Using obtained estimates, we prove the limited of diffusion coefficient and monotony of functional.

Keywords: inverse problem, difference scheme, dual problem, monotony of functional, priori estimates

Pages: 84-91

       Irfan Syamsuddin, Junseok Hwang
Visualization of strategic information security decision

Abstract: Information security plays a significant role in recent information society. Increasing threats to information assets have resulted in the need to formulate a strategic information security. In this study, decision analysis based on Ternary Analytic Hierarchy Process (T-AHP) is proposed as a novel model to aid managers who responsible in making strategic decisions related to information security issues. In addition, sensitivity analysis is applied to extend our analysis with “what-if” scenario in order to measure the consistency of the final decision. Finally, we conclude that the final decision made by decision makers has a significant consistency level as visualized by T- AHP with sensitivity analysis.

Keywords: information security decision, Ternary AHP, sensitivity analysis, visualization.

Pages: 92-95

       S. Raja Ranganathan, M. Sadish Sendil, S. Karthik
Relation based semantic Web search engine

Abstract: End users get large information through the web. The search engine plays a very important role in the world of networks. Tremendous information get poured in to the web pages for every query raised by the end user. Most of the pages are query related and fulfill the intention of the end users. There are some pages with useless information also. There is a huge repository which makes very difficult for the end users to explore to have a easy catch up of the required concept many modifications are being done. This paper we deal with now is semantic web search engines is the layered architecture and we use this with relation based page rank algorithm.

Keywords: Web, search engines, networks, Internet users, page rank algorithm

Pages: 96-100

       Bani Mukherjee, Bijay Kumar Mandal
Study of gravitational lensing constraints on the Cardassian model based on the Friedmann – Robertsion Walker (FRW) equation

Abstract: The Cardassian Model for the dark energy, dark matter and unified theory, which have usually, is invoked as the most plausible way to explain the recent observational result, have been studied. In this paper we mainly focus our attention to investigate some observational consequences of a flat, matter dominated and accelerating scenario, on the constraints, the parameters n and q which fully characterize the model.

Keywords: Accelerating Universe, Cardassian Model, Dark energy, Dark matter, Deceleration parameter, FRW Equation, Power law index

Pages: 101-106

       Salman Ahmed, Parag Parandkar, Anil Jain, Sumant Katiyal, Arpit Ludhiyani, Satyadhar Joshi
Applying HPC and virtual reality for modeling of traction systems

Abstract: We have developed a library for simulation of DC traction system. The modeling, installation and reliability aspects of Traction system in purview of current developments in HPC and Virtual reality have been exemplified. We have proposed a model to predict and analyze traction system more comprehensively and have proposed a modeling structure regarding the same. Distribution of various computations of an HPC setup has been shown and implemented.

Keywords: DC traction system, HPC, virtual reality, electric drive system

Pages: 107-116

       Charles Ikerionwu
Cyclomatic complexity as a software metric

Abstract: Many metrics have been proposed to measure the complexity or cohesion of object-oriented software. However, the cyclomatic complexity of a piece of software is more difficult to capture than the available metrics imply. McCabe’s family has taken a thorough study and proposed metrics that are used in calculating cyclomatic complexity. In fact, studies have shown that existing metrics consistently fail to capture complexity or cohesion well.

Keywords: basis path, cyclomatic complexity, cohesion, flow graph, software, McCabe

Pages: 117-121

       Mamoun Hussein Mamoun
A new polymorphic routing protocol for MANET

Abstract: We propose in this paper, a new polymorphic, hybrid Routing Protocol (NPRP) which combines the merits of proactive and reactive approach and overcome their demerits. Our proposed protocol creates route only when desired by the source node as in case of reactive routing protocols and maintains the routing table at each node as in case of proactive routing protocols. Also, it takes the advantage of broadcast nature of MANET to discover route and store maximum information in the routing tables at each node. NPRP is compared with the AODV routing protocol. Simulation results show a significant reduction in routing overhead, end-to-end delay and increases packet delivery ratio over AODV.

Keywords: MANET, MANET Routing Protocols, Newly Routing Protocol, Hybrid Routing Protocol.

Pages: 122-124

       M. Hajiazizi
A new approach for numerical analysis in optimum critical line segment slip surface in Earth slopes

Abstract: This paper presents a new approach to determine the minimum factor of safety and the associated critical line segment slip surface. The present approach is easily egress from the local minimum factor of safety to obtained global minimum factor of safety. The new technique is called Alternating Variable Local Gradient (AVLG) and is one method of optimization methods. The slip surface has the line segment shape (or non-circular) with design variability equal to double of slip surface nodes. The new technique is suitable and efficient for all types of failure surfaces and it yields lower values of the minimal factor of safety. AVLG is effective for the practical problems, as it has been illustrated through some examples. The procedure proposed can be applied to layered soil slopes with pore water pressure.

Keywords: optimization method; minimum factor of safety; line segment; variable local gradient.

Pages: 125-132

       Masoud Yarmohammadi, Rahim Mahmoudvand
The effect of outliers on robust and resistant coefficient of determination in the linear regression models

Abstract: We examine the effect of outlier and influential points on the resistant and robust coefficient of detrmination in the linear regression models. Here we consider the effect of these data points on the coefficient of determination which is a measure of model adequacy. We compare the performance of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Least Median Squares (LMS), Least Trimmed (sum of) Squares (LTS), M-Estimation (ME) and MM-Estimation (MME) in the linear regression model. We consider different sample sizes, percentage of outliers, and various noise levels.

Keywords: Coefficient of determination, Linear regression models, Rubust methods, Resistant methods, Outliers, Influential Point.

Pages: 133-138

       Julius Fobil, Olatunji Kolawole, Jonathan Hogarh, Derick Carboo, Frederick Rodrigues
Waste Management Financing in Ghana and Nigeria – How can the Concept of Polluter-Pays-Principle (PPP) Work in both countries?

Abstract: Urban centers in Ghana and Nigeria are experiencing a complex waste management crisis. An assessment of past and present waste management policy plans has revealed several structural weaknesses accounting for this crisis, with indirect causes being lack of well-thought-out management and financial sustainability plans that ensure enduring financing for waste management activities.

Keywords: Ghana, Nigeria, Financial sustainability, polluter-pays-principle, waste management financing and waste management systems

Pages: 139-142

       Mohamed Helal, Mohamed Elawa, Mohamed Zaghlool
Low power laser effect on bone healing in diabetic induced animal model

Abstract: Several mechanisms have been proposed for revealing the effect of Diabetes on bone healing beginning from reduction of early cellular proliferation, continuing with a delay in bone ossification and ending with a decrease in the biomechanical properties of the newly formed bone. On the other hand, the exact role by which laser irradiation can promote bone formation is not fully understood. So, the aim of this study was directed to evaluate the effect of low power laser on bone healing in diabetic induced animal model.

Keywords: Laser – Bone healing- Diabetes- Streptozotocin

Pages: 143-149

       M.G. Shouman, Nagwa Abdallah I, Abd El Meguid Ak, E.E.E. Salama, E. El Ghoroury, L.A. Abou Ismail, N.M. Emara
Bone mineral density markers in children with steroid sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Abstract: Background: Glucocorticoids suppress bone formation, impair growth and induce obesity. Aim of the work: This study was performed to assess the bone mineral status among children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome on steroid therapy. Patients and methods: The patients' age ranged from 4 to 16 years. They were 15 males and 15 females. Results: The mean age at the onset of the disease was 4.61 ± 2.5 years. Five patients were suffering from hypocalcemia but three of them were suffering from bone ache.

Keywords: bone mineral, children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, biochemical markers, Glucocorticoids

Pages: 150-156

       H.M. Abaza, A.A. Osman, L.A. Abou Ismail, D.H. EL Lebady, A.N. Ahmed
Expression of Chemokine Receptor "CXCR4" as a Prognostic Factor in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract: The AML is an aggressive malignancy with accumulation of blasts in the marrow (BM). Chemokine receptor “CXCR4” is essential for homing and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells in distinct stromal cell niches within the BM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the CXCR4 expression in AML, and to correlate this expression with other prognostic factors.

Keywords: AML- Myeloblasts - Chemokine receptor CXCR4%- CXCR4-MFI – FCM –Prognosis

Pages: 157-164

       Manal A. Fathy, Hanan A. Fathy, Manal M. Alkady, Amal A. Elmenshawy, Seham A. Awad
Clinical evaluation of urinary Leukotrienes E4 Levels in children with Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the importance of urinary Leukotrienes E4 (U-LTE4) in Atopic Dermatitis (AD) and to study its correlation with disease severity and some commonly altered parameters in AD. The study included 30 children and adolescents diagnosed to have atopic dermatitis. Ten age and sex matched healthy children and adolescents were enrolled for comparison.

Keywords: Atopy, atopic dermatitis, children, leukotrienes, urinary LTE4, IgE, IL, 4 IL, 5, Eosinophilia

Pages: 165-169

       E.U. Amuta, B.O. Atu, R.S. Houmsou, J.G. Ayashar
Rhipicephalus sanguineus infestation and Babesia canis infection among domestic dogs in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract: An investigation on the prevalence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus infestation and Babesia canis infection among domestic dogs in Makurdi metropolis was carried out. Blood samples were collected from the tip of the ear of randomly selected 108 dogs and thin blood smears stained with Giemsa stain were examined under the microscope. Stereoscopic examination was used for the identification of ticks collected.

Keywords: Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Babesia canis, Makurdi, Nigeria

Pages: 170-172

       Raquel P. F. Guine, Maria Joao Lima, Lucia Pato, Ana Cristina Correia, Fernando Goncalves, Elisa Costa, Sandra Santos
Consumer study and sensorial evaluation of a newly developed spicy strawberry syrup

Abstract: The potential beneficial effects of strawberry allied to those of chilly in many aspects of human health lead to the development of a spicy strawberry syrup. The work included the development of the product, including formulation, processing and industrialization aspects, chemical and sensorial analyses as well as a consumer study, of which some will be analysed in the present manuscript.

Keywords: Food development; strawberry syrup; consumer study; sensorial analysis

Pages: 173-178

       Asmaa R. Mahmoud, M. EL-Desuki, Mona M. Abdel-Mouty
Response of snap bean plants to bio-fertilizer and nitrogen level application

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in the experimental station of the National Research Centre at EL-Nubaria, ELBehira Governorate, Northern Egypt, at 2005 and 2006 to study the effect of the interaction between three levels of biofertilizer application (0, 1 and 2 kg nitrobein/fed.) and three levels of nitrogen application (100, 120 and 140 kg N/fed.) on growth, green pod yield and pod quality of snap bean.

Keywords: Bean, nitrogen fertilizer, bio-fertilizer, growth, pods yield, pod quality

Pages: 179-183

       Sawsan S. Sayd, Hanan A.A. Taie, Lobna S. Taha
Micropropagation , antioxidant activity, total Phenolics and Flavonoids content of Gardenia jasminoides ellis as affected by growth regulators

Abstract: This investigation has been carried out to study Micropropagation of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis shootlet, induction and growth of callus and enhancement of antioxidant, total phenolics and flavonoids content in shootlet and calli. The results revealed that for shooting stage adding 2 or 3 mg/l BAP gave the highest shootlet number/explant. But adding 3 mg/l 2iP produced the longest shootlet and leaves number.

Keywords: Gardenia jasminoides, Micropropagation, total phenolics content, antioxidant activity

Pages: 184-191

       Azza A. Ezz El-Din, S.F. Hendawy, Eman E. Aziz, E.A. Omer
Enhancing growth, yield and essential oil constituents of caraway plants using nitrogen and potassium fertilizers

Abstract: The effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on growth, yield and essential oil composition of caraway plants was investigated in the two successive seasons. Highly response of plant growth to nitrogen application was observed. Results indicated that applying N at the rate of 200 kg fed^-1 combined with k at the level of 30 kg fed^-1 led to the highest growth characters, dry fruits yield and total oil yield. GLC analysis was performed to detect volatile oil compounds. The major compound of caraway essential oil was carvone (72.7%) followed by limonene and linalool. No considerable differences were observed in carvone with different nitrogen and potassium fertilization rates.

Keywords: Carum carvi, nitrogen and potassium fertilization, essential oil components, medicinal and aromatic plants.

Pages: 192-197

       Eman E. Aziz, Azza A. Ezz El-Din, E.A. Omer
Quantitative and qualitative changes in essential oil of Dracocephalum Moldavica at different growth stages

Abstract: Dracocephalum moldavica is an annual plant belongs to Lamiaceae family, native in Central Asia and naturalized in Eastern and Central Europe. The volatile oil content of dragonhead and its composition showed great variation due to plant origin, climate conditions, soil fertility and sowing time.

Keywords: Lamiaceae, Essential oil, Dracocephalum moldavica, Growth stages.

Pages: 198-203

       Hala Kandil, Nadia Gad
Response of tomato plants to sulphur and organic fertilizer

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in the Research and production station of National Research Centre at El- Nobaria during the season, 2008 to evaluate the vegetative growth yield quantity and quality of tomatoes as affected by different organic fertilizers and sulphur addition.

Keywords: Compost, Chicken manure, Farmyard manure, Sulphur, tomato

Pages: 204-210

       Sh.Sh. Holah, M.M. Kamel, A.S.Taalab, Hanan S.Siam, Eman A. Abd El-Rahman
Effect of elemental sulfur and peanut compost on the uptake of Ni and Pb in basil and peppermint plants grown in polluted soil

Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of elemental sulfur in addition to peanut compost on the uptake of Pb and Ni by peppermint and basil plants grown in a polluted soil. Two soil samples were chosen, Kaluob soil which represents industrial and vehicles contamination and the second was collected from Elgabal Elasfar soil which represents sewage sludge contamination.

Keywords: Lead- Nickel- basil- peppermint -oil -sulfur rates- peanut compost

Pages: 211-219

       Tawfik M.M., Mirvat E. Gobarah, Magda H. Mohamed
Management practice for increasing potassium fertilizer efficiency of Sugar beet in North Delta, Egypt

Abstract: The present study was undertaken to develop potassium management recommendations that maximize yield and quality of sugar beet. Studies were conducted at Belqas, Dakhlia, Governorate at the two successive winter seasons 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 to evaluate the effects of the rate and timing of soil-applied potassium on sugar beet (cv Raspoly) productivity and quality. The experiment includes 11 potassium fertilizer treatments, which were the combinations of two doses (57 or 114 Kg K₂O/ ha.) applied as ( full dose or split into two or three doses) at three stages of growth (after thinning, at root formation or at sugar storing) in addition to the control treatment (without K₂O).

Keywords: Sugar beet- potassium application rates - potassium application date - split of potassium applicationyield-quality- potassium use efficiency (KUE)

Pages: 220-225

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

       Islam Al-Momani
Direct Object Relative Clauses in Jordanian Arabic: A Minimalist Approach

Abstract: The present study was undertaken to develop potassium management recommendations that maximize yield and quality of sugar beet. Studies were conducted at Belqas, Dakhlia, Governorate at the two successive winter seasons 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 to evaluate the effects of the rate and timing of soil-applied potassium on sugar beet (cv Raspoly) productivity and quality. The experiment includes 11 potassium fertilizer treatments, which were the combinations of two doses (57 or 114 Kg K₂O/ ha.) applied as ( full dose or split into two or three doses) at three stages of growth (after thinning, at root formation or at sugar storing) in addition to the control treatment (without K₂O).

Keywords: direct object relative clauses, ?illi, Jordanian Arabic, Classical Arabic, Modern Arabic, Colloquial Arabic

Pages: 226-237

       Noorhayati Md Ali, Jawakhir Mior Jaafar
Transforming MOODLE as a reflective tool in learning French language

Abstract: MOODLE is an open source Course Management System (CMS) that universities, community colleges, K-12 schools, businesses, and even individual instructors use to add web technology to their course. MOODLE was built around an idea of learning that happens when a group of people constructs things for one another, creating, collaboratively, a small culture of shared artifacts with shared meanings.

Keywords: Moodle, French Language, teaching, learning

Pages: 238-240

       О.О. Andronnikova
Research of psychological factors emergence Victim Behavior of teenagers

Abstract: The summarizes the results of psychological research emergency factors of victimization and victim behavior of teenager. Psychological analysis have given the intension of basic terms, traditionally used in victimization. Factor models have emphasized the formation victim and “nonvictim” behavior of teenagers. Correlation has been described beetween psychological constitution, character of family upbringing and specificity of victim behavior.

Keywords: victimology, behavior, teenagers

Pages: 241-244

       Almas Kiani, Nabi Bux Jumani
Mentoring research in higher education in Pakistan: an empirical study of student’s perceptions

Abstract: An empirical study of research students at advanced level was conducted during 2005-2007 of three public sector universities in Pakistan. The target population (50 supervisors/mentors) of these universities from three disciplines and (150 students/mentees) were selected and data collected through a set of questionnaire and interviews. 26 variables were studied, yielded a wide range of student’s perceptions and experiences of enduring nature on various dimensions.

Keywords: Mentoring, Students’ Perceptions, Higher Education

Pages: 245-252

       Nadejda Bulankina
Personal self-determination in culture: problems and prospects

Abstract: The author presents her own concepts (theory) on the formation language strategies and tactics via enormous means of educational environment and various activities of a person (both teacher and student) which could help the participants of education acquire different means of personal self-determination (individual thesaurus, individual language intelligence, individual language status, personal concept-sphere) in various cultures for humanistic purposes.

Keywords: Personal self-determination, culture, educational environment

Pages: 253-255

       Saeid Goodarzi, Rahim Mahmoudvand, Ali Hossein Karkhane
Social-cultural ingredients in Iranian attitudes, a case study of the youth in Hamadan province

Abstract: The present research has tried to investigate the social-cultural ingredients that affect on Hamedan province youth's attitudes toward religion in 2008. To do this, it has been considered several variables such as: gender, educational level, reference group, social class, rate of individualism, fatalism, family conflict, parent's religious beliefs, age, martial status and rate of mass media usage. The results show that there are meaningful relationships between independent variables of gender, educational level, reference group, social class, the rate of individualism, fatalism, family conflict and parent's religious beliefs with dependent variable of attitude toward religion. And no meaningful relationship exists between age, martial status and usage rate of mass media with attitude toward religion.

Keywords: Individualism, Social Cultural Ingredients, Youth Attitude

Pages: 256-259