Vol. 2, No. 4, July 2010


NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES

      Kabir Sadeghi, Fatemeh Nouban
A new stress-strain law for confined concrete under cyclic loading

Abstract: A new stress-strain formulation for confined concrete under cyclic loading is proposed. This law can be used in numerical simulations to describe the stress-strain relationship for fibers or layers within the sections of reinforced concrete elements. In order to eliminate the problem of scale effect, a finite element model was generated and the simulated and experimental results of tests on the prototype reinforced concrete column models subjected to cyclic loading were compared. In this way, the proposed stress-strain law for confined concrete under cyclic loading was accordingly modified and then validated.

Keywords: Non-linear, behavior, stress-strain law, confined concrete, monotonic, cyclic, loading

Pages: 6-15

      Dan Scurtu, Eugen Axinte, Vasile V. Merticaru
Optimizing of aerodynamic profiles defined as complex surfaces

Abstract: The aerodynamic properties (aerodynamic profile is the crucial element that generate the foil.) of a foil are strong related to the geometrical shape of the surface. The paper suggests a method for the generation of hypersustenance, which could determine the increase of the lift capacity simultaneously with the reduction of the drag force and the defining of the surface capable to generate this effect. The method consists in launching of a controlled fluid emission under the form of a jet via a slot situated in the trailing edge, throughout the entire surface of the wing. The machining of such wing as a complex surface requires the use a 3 or 5 axes CNC machine-tool.

Keywords: Aerodynamic profile, optimizing, complex surface, CNC machine-tool

Pages: 16-25

       E.U. Ubeku, O.K. Ogbeide
Transient analysis of an M–driven earth electrodes in an N – layered soil

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a procedural methods of obtaining an effective earthing system that can withstand impulse currents. The correlation of the transient impedance with the earth electrode resistance of vertically driven earth rods buried in either a uniform soil, two layered soil or enhanced soil forms the main presentation. A fast rising impulse current were preformed on various number of parallel connected earth rods of different lengths and the resulting transient impedance and potential plotted.

Keywords: transient impedance, two-layer soil model, enhanced soil, impulse, effective earthing

Pages: 26-35

       Vasile V. Merticaru, Eugen Axinte, Marius-Ionut Ripanu, Sorin-Claudiu Iacob-Strugaru
Researches about the flank profile accuracy of the trapezoidal threads generated by thread whirling

Abstract: Typically for thread whirling processes are the errors of the flank profile of the processed threads. Majority of these errors are provided by cutting schema and by the kinematics of the process, The present work proposes, an algorithm able to numerically describe the complex profile of the flanks of trapezoidal external threads generated by whirling and it presents some theoretical and experimental results obtained by applying this algorithm. Experimental researches developed concerning the accuracy of trapezoidal external threads manufactured by thread whirling proved the major influence of the cutting conditions upon the profile errors on the flank. Some of these experimental results and, related to them, some considerations and conclusions are also presented in the paper.

Keywords: manufacturing, accuracy, flank profile, numerical modelling, thread whirling, trapezoidal thread

Pages: 36-45

       Adalet Abiyev
Measurement of reactive power in unbalanced three-phase power systems by use of Walsh functions

Abstract: This paper presents a new Walsh function (WF) based method for measuring of three-phase reactive power (RP) in unbalanced tree-phase systems. Proposed method simplifies the multiplication procedure required for the evaluation the tree-phase reactive power components from instantaneous power signal using peculiar properties of the WF.

Keywords: reactive power, measurement, unbalanced three-phase systems, analog signal processing, DSP, instantaneous power signal, Walsh function, phase shift

Pages: 46-56

       Onohaebi O. Sunday, Ogbeide O. Kingsley
Determination of power stations for upgrading in the Nigeria power system using minimum loss criteria

Abstract: The existing power stations in Nigeria generate far below their installed capacities leading to very low reliability of power to consumers. Thus, this paper reviews the power generated in the various power stations in Nigeria and analyze them to determine the most suitable power stations for upgrading. Each of the power station was used as a slack bus to determine the maximum power that can be generated and the effects it will have on bus voltages, power losses and line loading.

Keywords: Thermal, PHCN, Generation, Transmission, Power Stations, Hydro

Pages: 57-65

       S. Nandhakumar, V. Selladurai, V. Muthukumaran, S. Sekar
Haar wavelet approach to time varying model robot arm control problem

Abstract: This paper aims to study the parameters behavior and to estimate the servo error in the control of a robot arm model by analyzing dynamics of the robot arm. The dynamics of robot arm has represented in the form of second order differential equation. A meticulous attempts has been made to estimate the servo error by comparing the solutions obtained using Single term walsh series (STWS) and Single-Term Haar Wavelet Series (STHWS) method. The exact solution representing the arm model of a robot, has been compared with the corresponding discrete solution at different time intervals. The absolute error between the exact and discrete solutions have also been determined in order to suggest the method which improves the performance of a robot. The validation has also been carried out with reference to the earlier research output appeared in this field of study.

Keywords: Control System, Robot dynamics, Single Term Walsh Series, Single-Term, Haar Wavelet Series, Singular and Non-Singular systems.

Pages: 66-74

       A.I. Ogbonna, E.N.C. Okafor
Treatment procedures for Itakpe iron ore deposits in Kogi state Nigeria

Abstract: The discovery of iron ore deposits in commercial quantities in Itakpe, Kogi State Nigeria was the principal factor in the decision to site an iron and steel making complex in Ajaokuta Kwara State. This paper reviews some of the principal treatment procedures adopted for the beneficiation of Itakpe iron ore. It notes that full exploitation of the Itapke iron ore has been hampard by the high contents of sulphur and phosphorous.

Keywords: Itakpe ore deposits, ore contaminants, beneficiation, agglomeration, profitability of mine.

Pages: 75-79

       H. Benahmed, A. Bensafi, M. Benhamou, A. Boussaïd
Dynamic scattering properties of weakly charged cyclic polymers in solution

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a theoretical model for the investigation of dynamic scattering properties of ternary mixtures made of two weakly charged cyclic polymers of different chemical nature, which are trapped in a common good solvent. Such a theory extends some introduced one, in order to study the dynamics of similar mixtures made of linear polymers. For simplicity, the small ions, such as counterions and coions, are assumed to be point-like, and hence, only the apparent diffusion of polyions is accounted for. The obtained results are naturally compared to those already observed for weakly charged linear polymer blends in solution. The main conclusion is that, the circularity of chains drastically affects the dynamic properties of the considered ternary mixtures.

Keywords: Cyclic polymers; Charges; Dynamic diffusion; Rouse model; Relaxation frequency; Random phase approximation.

Pages: 80-92

       N. Amrane, M. Benkraouda
Positron Annihilation in piezoelectric semiconductor ZnO

Abstract: Electron and positron charge densities are calculated as a function of position in the unit cell for Zinc Oxide. Wave functions are derived from pseudopotential band structure calculations and the independent particle approximation (IPM), respectively, for the electrons and the positrons. It is observed that the positron density is maximum in the open interstices and is excluded not only, from the ion cores but also to a considerable degree from the valence bonds. Electron-positron momentum densities are calculated for (001,110) planes. The results are used to analyze the positron effects in ZnO.

Keywords: Zinc Oxide, piezoelectric semiconductor, piezoelectric materials, positron annihilation

Pages: 93-99

       N.A. Hoshan, Firas M. F. Al-Quran
Green's function in some mixed boundary problems for heat equation

Abstract: In this paper we will discuss the use of Green's function in the solution of inhomogeneous heat equation subject to a mixed boundary conditions of the first and second kind in cylindrical coordinates. The method of dual integral equations forms a basis for the construction of a Green's function, with the aid of a Laplace transform and separation of variables.

Keywords: Green's function, mixed problems, dual integral equations

Pages: 100-103

       Mamoun Hussein Mamoun
A proposed robust routing protocol for MANET

Abstract: We present the design and performance evaluation of a new robust routing protocol (NRRP) based on the trust vector model. In our proposed protocol, each node would evaluate its own trust vector parameters about neighbors through monitoring neighbor’s pattern of traffic in network. At the same time, trust dynamics is included in term of robustness. Then we integrated trust model into Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) which is the most typical routing protocols in MANET. We evaluate the performance the proposed protocol by comparing the simulation results of it with and without the standard DSR.. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed routing protocols can effectively detect malicious nodes and mitigate their attacks.

Keywords: MANET, MANET Routing Protocols, Newly Routing Protocol.

Pages: 104-110

       Christos Theodorou, Maria Kordaki
Super Mario: A collaborative game for the learning of variables in programming

Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of a collaborative game for learning about the various uses of variables in programming, by high school students. This is a 4-level game that was designed and implemented using the programming environment Scratch integrating the well known collaborative method Jigsaw (1). The basic learning goals of this game are to provide students with opportunities: a) to conceptualize some different aspects of variables in programming, by playing, interacting, and modifying this game and b) to become equipped with appropriate knowledge -at the end of the proposed activities- to collaborate and construct their own games themselves.

Keywords: variable, programming, computer games, Scratch

Pages: 111-118

       S. Karthik, S. Kannan, M.L. Valarmathi, V.P. Arunachalam, T. Ravichandran
An performance analysis and comparison of Multi-Hop Wireless Ad-Hoc Network Routing protocols in MANET

Abstract: Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile hosts forming a temporary network without the aid of any stand-alone infrastructure or centralized administration. Mobile Ad-hoc networks are selforganizing and self-configuring multihop wireless networks where, the structure of the network changes dynamically. This is mainly due to the mobility of nodes.

Keywords: On-demand, Table driven, DSR, AODV, DSDV, Adhoc, MANET

Pages: 119-124

       S.O. Onohaebi, S.O. Igbinovia
Development of a MATLAB program to compute bus voltages in the Nigeria electrical power system

Abstract: In this paper, power flow analysis was carried out with the aid of a computer program developed, using Gauss-Siedel method and run in matlab 7.01 environment to compute bus voltages in the Electrical Power System in Nigeria.

Keywords: Bus voltage, Matlab, Power World Simulator, Gauss-Siedel, Newton Raphson

Pages: 125-132

       Yassen Alhiti
Affine Variety and Hilbert’s Basis Theorem

Abstract: In this paper we study algebraic sets and give some properties of irreducible varieties and their corresponding prime ideals . Also, we give a new proof for Hilbert ' s Basis Theorem: if R is a Noetherian ring then so is the polynomial ring R [χ₁, χ₂,...,χ_n] , using the “ ascending chain condition on ideals ”

Keywords: Algebraic set, Irreducible variety,ascending chain condition, Noetherian ring.

Pages: 133-138

       Maged George Iskander
A min-max approach for stochastic fuzzy goal programming

Abstract: This paper introduces a suggested min-max approach to stochastic fuzzy goal programming. When it is infeasible for the decision-maker to achieve certain desirable degrees for the membership functions of the fuzzy goal constraints, then the min-max approach can be utilized to avoid the infeasibility. This means that the maximum underachievement of the membership functions has to be minimized. The min-max approach is illustrated, for different achievement degrees, by a computational study.

Keywords: Stochastic fuzzy goal programming, Min-Max approach, Chance-constrained approach

Pages: 139-142

       Bani Mukherjee, Bijay Kumar Mandal
Study of gravitational lensing constraints on the exponential Cardassian model based on the Friedmann – Robertsion Walker (FRW) equation

Abstract: In this paper we mainly focus our attention to investigate some observational consequences of a flat, matter dominated and accelerating scenario, on the constraints, the parameters n and q which fully characterize the exponential Cardassian model and also the modified version of exponential Cardassian model of Liu et al [12] in 2006. In Figure-1(a) and 1(b) when the redshift Z_Card increasing the effective parameter of equation of state ω_T for the total cosmological fluid and equation of state parameter ω_x of effective dark fluid are also increasing.

Keywords: Gravitational lensing, SIS model, Exponential Cardassian model, FRW Equation, Redshift, Power law index

Pages: 143-150

       Iqbal H. Jebril
Bounded Sets in Random n-Normed Linear Space

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of bounded sets (certainly bounded, perhaps bounded, perhaps unbounded and certainly unbounded) in random n-normed linear space.

Keywords: random n-normed space; bounded sets; unbounded sets.

Pages: 151-158

       M.G. Shehata, A.A. Abdou, Tarek Y.M.A. El-Hariri, Ahmed S. Mousa
Heavy minerals: Acase study on the Gebel Ghorabi Member; Bahariya Oasis, Western desert, Egypt

Abstract: The study of the heavy minerals content separated from 83 sandstone samples representing the Gebel Ghorabi member (Lower Cenomanian) of Bahariya Formation revealed the predominance of ultrastable minerals derived originally from metamorphic and igneous rocks. The studied sandstones were affected by recycling processes, mostly caused by some degree of tectonic activity, which left its print on their mineral and physical properties. At least two unconformity surfaces are recorded.

Keywords: Heavy minerals, Gebel Ghorabi Member, Provenance, Cluster analysis, Surfaces of unconformity.

Pages: 159-172

       F.Y. El Kady, L.K. Mohamed, S.A. Shaban
Hydrotreatment of Kerosene Petroleum Fraction to Improve Its Properties

Abstract: Technical Kerosene petroleum fraction has been hydrotreated in a fixed bed continuous reactor (cata-test unit) . The study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of catalytic hydrotreatment conditions on kerosene to improve its quality as fuels with lower sulfur, nitrogen and aromatics contents.

Keywords: Hydrotreatment, Aromatic hydrogenation (AHYD), Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN)

Pages: 173-182

       Nahla A. Barakat, Safwat H. Maaty, Ashraf Al-Koly
Outcome of Congenital diaphragmatic defects: three years experience

Abstract: Aim: To study the presentation, management and outcome of congenital diaphragmatic defects in Kuwait. Patients and Methods: The medical records of all infants with congenital diaphragmatic defects Referred to Ibn- Sina hospital, Pediatric Surgical Department, Kuwait from Jan 2005 to Oct. 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were 51 newborns (31 female/ 20 male), 32 cases were newborn with a mean birth weight of 2400 gm (850- 4135 gm), and mean GA of 35 weeks, (28- 41wks); 37 infants (72%) had Bochdalek hernia, 5 (10%) had Morgagni hernia and 9 (18%) had eventration of the diaphragm.

Keywords: Diaphragmatic hernia, eventration, newborn, management, outcome, associated anomalies

Pages: 183-187

       Wafaa Gameel Mohamed Ali, Nahed Abdl Menom El Sebai
Effect of problem-based learning on nursing students’ approaches to learning and their self directed learning abilities

Abstract: Background: Increasingly complex needs and expanding roles in the delivery of health care require professional nurses to be capable critical thinkers and self-directed learners. Design: A one-group before–after quasi-experimental design was used. Method: this study was conducted on students of Bridging program of College of Health Science for Females, Ministry of Health in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Results: the R-SPQ-2F scores indicated that for the deep approach to learning, the post-test mean score was noticeably higher than that at the pre-test (p= .001) and a significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test mean scores for the surface approach to learning (P=0.03). Conclusions: it was concluded that PBL as a method and philosophy is an effective approach to fostering deeper approach to learning and improving self-directed learning abilities among nursing students. Recommendation: successful introduction of PBL in nursing education will improve professional performance.

Keywords: Problem based learning, learning approach, self directed learning abilities

Pages: 188-195

       Fakhria Jaber Muhbies, Nazar A. Sheren Al-Doski
Attitude of patients toward cancer and its treatment

Abstract: Cancer is considered the second leading cause of death in developed countries there were some 6.2 million cancer related deaths, accounting for 12% of all deaths globally. In the year 2002, ten millions new cases of cancer were diagnosed (5.3 million in men and 4.7 million in women (5).

Keywords: Attitude, Cancer, Iraq

Pages: 196-200

       M.G. Shouman, S.A. Abd El-Latif, S.S. Khattab, S. Makkar
Pediatric acute kidney injury: outcome by dialysis modality and disease severity

Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in children is a catastrophic, life threatening event which has a poor prognosis despite the development of modern techniques for treatment. This work aimed to study AKI in pediatric patients to assess the modalities of renal replacement therapy, and outcome to predict the risk factors. Forty seven pediatric patients suffering from AKI were included. Exclusion criteria included neonates, post operative cardiac surgery, and acute on top of chronic renal failure (CRF) patients.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, PRISM III

Pages: 201-208

       Alaa Ali, Mona M. Sallam, Gihan A Fathy, Ola Mohy el din, Seham A. Awad, Amira Ahmed
Epidemiological Study of the Prevalence of Bronchial Asthma and other Atopic Diseases among School Children in Egypt

Abstract: The aetiology of asthma and allergic diseases remains poorly understood, Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Almost 1 in 8 school-aged children are affected by asthma, and 10% of children (compared with 5% of adults) take medication for it. There is a Strong association between asthma, hay fever, and eczema; however, the inter-relation between atopy, atopic disease, asthma, and wheeze is somewhat complex.

Keywords: Prevalence of asthma, Asthma symptoms, atopic diseases, school children

Pages: 209-217

       Eman Talaat Elshamaa
Developing a control action plan for infection prevention at the endoscopy unit

Abstract: Flexible endoscopy was developed 30 years ago. The advantages of this technology are several but one serious disadvantage is the liability of exposure to infection. Objectives: to assess endoscopy team (doctor, nurse, and worker) to identify their actual role in applying infection control measures in endoscopy department, and developing an action plan for infection prevention.

Keywords: Endoscopy, Infection control, Action plan, Sterilization, disinfection, Health team, Trust, Prevention, Assessment, motivation.

Pages: 218-227

       Sohayla M. Attalla, Mohamed A. Ghanem, Seham, A. Gad Elhak, Abdel Aziz, A. Ghanem
Inhalational Anaesthetics and Cholinesterase activity… Goal Directed Better Postanaesthetic Issue

Abstract: Clarifying the importance of safety in the new evolution in anesthetic drugs during surgery concerning anesthesia induced cholinesterase depression is of special importance especially in agricultural countries where farmers population are continuously exposed to pesticide residues which inhibit both true and pseudocholinestrase enzymes.

Keywords: inhalational anaesthetics, cholinesterase activity, surgical operations

Pages: 228-234

       Ganjar Samudro, Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo
Review on BOD, COD AND BOD/COD ratio: a triangle zone for toxic, biodegradable and stable levels

Abstract: This paper reviewed research works on biodegradability of organic matter containing materilas, attempting to provide a tool for treatment and monitoring strategies. Organic matter parameters were simplified as BOD, COD and BOD/COD ratio. Treatment methods were classified into natural, physical, chemical, biological, phytotechnological and combined treatment. For various operating conditions, it was formulated the zonation of the BOD/COD ratio and characterized by the limits of toxic, biodegradable and acceptable or stable zones.

Keywords: BOD, COD, treatment methods, BOD/COD zones

Pages: 235-239

       Azza A. Ezz El-Din, Eman E. Aziz, S.F. Hendawy, E.A. Omer
Impact of phosphorus nutrition and number of cuttings on growth, yield and active constituents of artichoke

Abstract: Response of growth, yield and active constituents of artichoke was studied under different phosphorus fertilization doses and number of cuttings in the two successive seasons. Plants which were cut once at the end of growing season and fertilized with 200 kg P₂O₅ fed^-1 recorded the highest seed yield. Artichoke plants produced maximum fresh leaves yield when cut three times and fertilized with 150 kg P₂O₅ fed^-1. Chemical analysis of dried leaves indicated that flavonoids percentage ranged from 0.54-0.63%, while polyphenols percentage ranged from 1.23-1.45%. An adverse relation between flavonoids and polyphenols was observed.

Keywords: Cynara scolymus L., phosphorus, number of cuttings, growth, seed yield, flavonoids, polyphenols.

Pages: 240-244

       A.A.M. Ragab, Eman A. Tantawy, Sh.M. Abd El-Rasoul
A Comparison between traditional and recent bioinocula on Growth and productivity of faba bean (Vicia faba l.) grown in calcareous soil

Abstract: Agriculture scientists made a lot of efforts to improve organic agriculture aiming food safety. For five decades until now legume inoculation by Rhizobia was successful.So it is very important to compare Rhizobia with the Effective Microorganisms (EM) inoculation as a progress in organic agriculture. Three cultivars of Faba bean were inoculated by Rhizobia and EM separated or combined.

Keywords: Rhizobia, Effective Microorganisms (EM), faba been cultivars

Pages: 245-253

       A.A. Abdel-Monem, H.M.S. El-Bassiouny, M.M. Rady, M.S. Gaballah
Role of tryptophan and prozac (5- hydroxy tryptamine) on the growth, some biochemical aspects and yield of two sunflower cultivars grown under different saline soils

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in a soil of three different salinity levels (1.56, 4.68 and 7.83 dS/m) during two successive seasons to study the effect of different concentrations (0.00, 2.50 and 5.00 mg/l) of tryptophan and Prozac (5-hydroxytryptamine) on improving tolerance of two sunflower cultivars (Hysun 336 and Euroflor) grown under different saline conditions. Application of either tryptophan or prozac resulted in significant increases in plant growth, seeds yield and oil yield / Feddan concomitantly with an increase in the level of IAA, photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates and protein contents. The maximum increase was recorded in plants treated with 5.00 mg/l of either tryptophan or prozac. The previous changes were discussed in relation to roles of tryptophan or prozac in enhancing sunflower cultivars to salt tolerance.

Keywords: Sunflower cultivars, Tryptophan, Prozac, Saline soils, Growth, Yield

Pages: 254-262

       M.Sh. Sadak, M.M. Rady, N.M. Badr, M.S. Gaballah
Increasing sunflower salt tolerance using nicotinamide and α – tocopherol

Abstract: Reducing the spread of salinization and increasing the salt tolerance of high yielding crops are key global issues. In this regard an experimental design was laid out during two successive seasons of 2008 and 2009 at three different sites of soil salinity levels (1.56, 4.68, and 7.83 dS/m) at the experimental farm of faculty of Agriculture, Fayum University, Egypt. The experiment was conducted to determine how can priming seeds in α- tocopherol or nicotinamide mitigate the negative effects of salinity on sunflower growth and yield.

Keywords: sunflower, salinity, α-tocopherol, nicotinamide, growth, yield, IAA, carbohydrates, protein and oil

Pages: 263-270

       A.G. Ahmed, S.A. Orabi, M.S. Gaballah
Effect of Bio-N-P Fertilizer on the growth, yield and some biochemical components of two sunflower cultivars

Abstract: In environments with low nutrient concentrations, plants are stressed by the lack of adequate nutrients. Therefore, it is necessary to use Bio-NP bio-fertilizer which contains two strains of bacteria Azospirillum lipoferum and Azospirillum brasilense both promotes shoot growth and root development in crops as they ensure better nitrogen consumption.

Keywords: sunflower, bio-fertilizer, Azospirillum, growth, yield, chemical components

Pages: 271-277

       Eman E. Aziz, Azza A. Ezz El-Din, E.A. Omer
Influence of zinc and iron on plant growth and chemical constituents of Cymbopogon citratus L. grown in newly reclaimed land

Abstract: Zinc and Iron play important roles in the composition and characterization of root exudates in graminaceae family grown under stress condition. Lemongrass oil is one of the most important essential oils produced in the world due to their use in perfumery, flavour and pharmaceutical industries. Two field experiments were conducted in newly reclaimed land at the Agricultural Experimental Station of National Research Centre (Nubaria, Behira Governorate,West of Nile Delta of Egypt) to study the influence of foliar spray with Zn ( 0,100 and 200 ppm) and or Fe (0,100,150 and 200 ppm) on growth, yield and chemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus plant.

Keywords: Cymbopogon citratus, essential oil, GLC, Iron, Zinc EDAT, newly reclaimed land

Pages: 278-283

       Amany M. Sallam, Hoda I. M. Ibrahim, Mona A.M. Soliman, B.A.A. Kandil
Germination improvement by priming Teosinte seeds in water for enhancing the fodder production potential

Abstract: An experiment was carried out (at the laboratory test on Seed Technology Research Dept.) to study the effect of soaking in water treatment on Teosinte seed germination and two field experiments carried out during two Successive summer seasons of 2007 and 2008 at two location ; New Valley and Giza Agric Res. center stations , the experiment was conducted to study the effect of mineral nitrogen (0-60-120 kg N fed -1), plant growth promoting Rhizobacetria and/or N2- fixer bacteria and their combination on seed quality traits of local teosinte. The experimental design was laid out using 17 treatments and three replications . Chemical fertilizer levels, single biofertilizer application, dual biofertilizer application and a mixture of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers.

Keywords: Teosinte, Soaking, Germination, Inoculation, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Azospirillum sp., Pseudomonas sp., N₂-fixing

Pages: 284-291

       Osama A. Nofal, Adel B. El-Nasharty, Nadia M. Badran
Sustainable improvement of nutrients utilization using micronutrients foliar application on potato plant

Abstract: Two field experiments were carried on alluvial soil at one of the private farms, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons 2005/2006 and 2006/2007. The study focused to evaluate the effect of foliar application of micronutrients compound (2.5% Fe, 4.5% Mn, 6.5% Zn and 0.5% Cu) on nutritive status of potato var Diamond. Foliar application was carried out at vegetative growth (50 days after planting) and at tuber formation (60 days after planting) with four rates (i.e. 0, 400, 800 and 1200g/fed).

Keywords: Potato, leaves, tubers, macro, micronutrients, foliar application.

Pages: 292-296

       A.M.A. El-Shafai, A.A.O. Fakkar, M.A. Bekheet
Effect of row spacing and some weed control treatments on growth, quality and yield sugarcane

Abstract: Two field experiments were carried out at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag Governorate in 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 seasons to study the effect of row spacing of sugarcane and some weed control treatments on growth, quality and yield of sugarcane. Sugarcane variety viz., Phil.8013 was spring-planted in three row spacing of 80, 100 and 120 cm, and ten weed control treatments were applied: single application of Triclopyr-butoyl 48% EC at the rate of 200 cc/fed., Bromoxynil 24% EC at the rate of 1 l/fed as post-emergence, Bentazon 48% AS at the rate of 1 l/fed., Tribenuron-methyl 75% DF at the rate of 8 g/fed the previous herbicides were applied as post-emergence at 30 days after planting; the application of each of the four herbicides followed by one hand hoeing 30 days from herbicide application; hand hoeing three times at 25, 45 and 65 days after planting (DAP) and unweeded (check). A split plot design with three replications was used. Row spacing was allocated in the main plots, while weed control treatments were randomly distributed in the sub plots.

Keywords: Row spacing, weed control, Triclopyr-butoyl, Bromoxynil, Bentazon, Tribenuron methyl, hand hoeing and sugarcane

Pages: 297-306

       Emtenan M. Hanafi, Enas N. Danial, K.A. Abd El
Origanum Vulgaris could be a novel antimycotic agent for treatment of mycotic mastitis in goat

Abstract: Fungi are widely distributed in the environment, sometimes cause health hazards and are very difficult to eradicate. Asperigellus flavus is among the toxigenic fungi that produce aflatoxins, the primary carcinogen for animals and it is secreted in biological fluids of infected cases. Mastitis is one of its out coming and it is associated with economic losses due to inferior quantity and quality of milk.

Keywords: Origanum vulgaris, fungus, mastitis, apoptosis, goat, Asperigellus flavus

Pages: 307-313

       Sheeba Valsson, Alka Bharat
Influence of canyon geometry on the variations in maximum and minimum air temperatures

Abstract: Every neighborhood has its own urban configuration with respect to width of road, height of structures abutting the road and the orientation of the road. This variation controls the incoming solar radiation as well as the outgoing long-wave radiation and also controls the air flow thereby affecting the temperature. The intention of this paper is to statistically formulate a relationship between the ratio of width of road and height of structure abutting it (H/W) and the maximum and minimum temperatures and their difference. In this research it has been statistically proved that higher the H/W ratio lower is the difference in maximum and minimum temperature and a regression equation if formulated to predict the difference.

Keywords: Urban Canyon, Street design, Sky view factor (SVF)

Pages: 314-322

       Grosu Veronica, Bostan Ionel
IAS/IFRS standards for smes and the impact on the Romanian accounting system

Abstract: After five years of debates and consultations, in July 2009, International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) published its referential accounting for SMEs (in June 2004 the IASB draw first document entitled: Preliminary Views Accounting Standards for Small and Medium Entities).

Keywords: IAS/IFRS light, simplification, small and medium enterprise, public responsibility

Pages: 323-328

HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

       Chin-Feng Lin
Consumer Cognitions and Communication Networks toward B&B Services

Abstract: This study integrates means-end chain theory and network theory to explore consumer cognitions toward services offered by Bed and Breakfast (B&B) and the role consumers played in the communication networks with respect to B&B information dissemination. Individuals in the advice network play as intermediary roles within their communication network; however, they also form a smaller network and organized by themselves.

Keywords: Means-end chain, network role, B&B

Pages: 329-331

       Mateş Dorel, Socoliuc Marian, Hlaciuc Elena, Haiduc Cristian, Ursu Dorel
The evolution of the economical and financial communication means used by the companies in the new current world context

Abstract: The theme of the financial and economical informing is in the attention of the researches for a long period of time, insisting on important aspects such as the ones connected to the identification of the borders between the financial-economical informing and the company level communication, the contents characterizing it, the subject produced and spreading this information, the ones that are direct and indirect users, the channels by which they are spread. The objective of this paper is to identify the most important aspects connected to the communication channels, the motivation of choosing certain of them, their evolution and nonetheless the optimization of the companies’ economical-financial communication. In time, we have assisted to a major awareness of the role that communication can occupy, and its necessity to identify itself with the company and must be understood in an integrated approach.

Keywords: economical-financial communication, communication channels, standards IAS/IFRS

Pages: 332-337

       Wann-Yih Wu, Yu-Chen Hsiao, Chen-Su Fu
An analytical model of the product life cycle - an application of thermodynamics

Abstract: Based on the modification model of the product life cycle, this study aims to integrate relevant marketing model and develop a hierarchical marketing efforts model to identify different levels of efforts needed to be taken at different stages of product life cycle. The concept of entropy, which is widely used in physical science and thermodynamics, is applied in this study to explain the phenomenon of product life cycle using marketing mix activities as the agents to change the quantity of entropy.

Keywords: Thermodynamics; Product life cycle; Analytical hierarchy process

Pages: 338-350

       Ade Ibiwoye, Joseph O. Ideji, Babatunde O. Oke
The determinants of life insurance consumption in Nigeria: a co-integration approach

Abstract: The relevance of life insurance in Nigeria’s financial system cannot be over emphasized. Evidence has shown that in the past 35 years, it has provided a range of financial services for consumers and had been a major channel of investment in the Nigerian capital market. But what determines life insurance consumption in Nigeria remains unknown. This study examines the determinant of life insurance consumption in Nigeria during the period 1970 – 2005 within an error correction framework.

Keywords: life insurance, life Insurance consumption, Nigeria, co-integration approach

Pages: 351-358

       Evangelia Agelidou
Α contribution to the integration of storytelling and environmental education for sustainability

Abstract: The aim of this study is a) to investigate the relationship between Storytelling and Environmental Education for Sustainability (EES) and to demonstrate its significance, b) to detect any possible restrictions bearing upon the interconnection of these two fields, c) to seek the criteria upon observance of which this relationship could be fruitful and above all effective, in leading to the achievement of EES objectives.

Keywords: Environmental Education for Sustainability, Storytelling, Interdisciplinary, Environmental Storytelling Activities, complex spherical /global thinkind, analogical thinking, values, culture, environmentale attitudes, skills, action

Pages: 359-366

       Ahmad Puad Mat Som, Alhilal Furqan
Nurturing Experiential Learning in Co-Curriculum Activities: Case Studies of Tourism Clubs in Secondary Schools

Abstract: Non-formal education can impact a person’s life through experiential learning, and the concept recognizes the non-institutional aspect of learning and offers a more pragmatic approach to learning. Co-curriculum activity, as part of non-formal education, is seen both to supplement existing academic curricula and allow students the opportunity to build non-academic, civic and political skills. It is often viewed as a primary context of development for school students. While teachers’ teaching and students’ learning are fostered through planned activities, students can also realize their need for recreation or diversion.

Keywords: experiential, learning, co-curriculum, tourism

Pages: 367-372

       Muhammad Manzoor Malik, Fazalur Rahman
Imapct of theories of distacne education on teaching learning process

Abstract: Theories play an important role in the development of any system. Same is the case with the theories of distance education. Therefore, the focus of this study was to evaluate the theories of distance education and their impact on teaching learning process. The objectives of the study were to analyze the concept of distance education, state the teaching learning process of distance education, and to evaluate how the theories of distance education are used in teaching learning process and what is their impact.

Keywords: distance education, teaching learning process, impact of theories

Pages: 373-378

       Philip A. Ikomi
Juvenile Violent Felony Referrals and High School Dropouts: Is there a Relationship?

Abstract: The present study was a response to the report of an alarming increase in homicides perpetrated by African American males 14 to 18 years in Houston (Fox & Swatt, 2008). The Intent was to determine if similar increases occurred in other counties in Texas. However the annual homicide rates in the counties were not high enough for statistical analyses so violent felony referrals were used instead.

Keywords: violent felony, incarceration, school dropout, racial differences, correlations, delinquency

Pages: 379-384

       Badreya Al Jenaibi
Arabic news channels: Al-Jazeera. New age of press democracy in the Middle East

Abstract: This research examines relationships between Arab media and several different institutions including government in general, democracy specifically, and Islam. The primary purpose of this research is to gain not only broad, but also in-depth understanding of Arab governments and their control of media. One of the key issues discussed is the role of the Arabic media channel, Al-Jazeera, in the Arab region.

Keywords: Al-Jazeerea, press democracy, Middle East, arabic news channels

Pages: 385-394

       Wojciech Majka
The Generation of Christian Ethics

Abstract: Christianity as any other religion and what M. Foucault called épistémè¹ did not bring itself into being but is the effect of numerous influences. For purposes of brevity we generally divide those influences between those that are attributed to Judaism and Greek philosophy that played an essential role in early Christian theology (cf. St. Augustine). Greek thought provided Christianity with ideological contours since most of theology is more or less directly connected with Platonic and Aristotelian theory. On the other hand, Judaism created a moral system that is fully embedded in Christian ethics.

Keywords: Judaism, Christianity, Monotheism, Morality, Greek Philosophy

Pages: 395-398

       Azizeh Khanchobani Ahranjani
Number system of the head noun in English and Persian languages

Abstract: Nouns as a central part or the head of a complex noun phrase are used in singular or plural forms. These forms have the number agreements. In English language the sub classifications of number system are : nouns identified as a) singular in form, Either number, b) plural in form, singular in number, c) singular in form, plural in number, and d) singular in form, singular in number. e) plural in form, either number f) plural in form, plural in number. A contrastive study of the number system and its sub classifications in English and Persian languages reveals some similarities and differences.

Keywords: English language, Persian language, Head noun, Complex noun phrases. number system

Pages: 399-407

       Omar Ibrahim Alomoush
On linguistic aspects of auto-antonyms in arabic

Abstract: This study investigates auto-antonyms in Arabic, a phenomenon which has not received much attention by Arab semanticists. An auto-antonym is a word which contradicts itself in the sense that it has two opposing meanings. In most cases, the contexts in which Arabic auto-antonyms occur contribute to avoiding misinterpretation and ambiguity. On top of that, this paper casts light on the factors which have brought this phenomenon about, providing an investigation of this phenomenon by demonstrating each determinant together with relevant autoantonyms.

Keywords: polysemy, sound change, social and psychological motivations, blending, lexical interpretation in Quranic context, variations in the dialects of the Arabic language.

Pages: 408-413