Shoa'a JadAllah Al-Hijaili, Manal AbdulAziz
Biometrics in health care security system, iris-face fusion system

Abstract: Background objectives: Security is considered a corner stone for health-care information systems as they contain extremely sensitive information. The aim is to provide healthcare personnel access to the right information at the right time while ensuring high patient privacy. Methods: We propose to apply the multimodal biometric fusion system to the highest level of security in the hierarchical architecture of electronic medical record (EMR). Multimodal biometric identification system is built combining information from both face and iris unimodal. Results: 1) Increasing the number of images alone without including various image qualities will not insure performance improvement. By this we mean, the overall group of images used should be composed of different image quality (from poor to high quality) to match the actual circumstances of the real user. 2) As unimodal, Iris has better performance than face, and the best performance was observed with CS2 and CS4. Conclusion: The presented Master thesis proposes the application of multimodal biometric security system to the highest level of security in the hierarchical architecture of electronic medical record. It is proved that the combination of iris and face unimodal into our proposed multimodal fusion system has higher performance than each unimodal separately. We observed that multimodal biometric is a way to reduce the quality requirement of images.

Keywords: hierarchical architecture, electronic medical record, EMR, multimodal biometric, unimodal biometric, authentication security system

Pages: 11-19

       Khalil Yaghi, Samer Barakat, Zeyad M. Alfawaer, Mohammad Shkokani, Ayman Nassuora
Knowledge sharing degree among the undergraduate students: a case study at applied science private university

Abstract: The objective of this study is to understand the student’s perception of knowledge sharing among undergraduate students in Jordan; the case study was conducted at applied science Private University (ASPU). Methodology: A questionnaire was used for collecting data and 360 undergraduate students from ASPU in Jordan participated in the study. Finding: Most of the students thought that Knowledge Sharing through sharing lecture notes, power point slides, and other learning resources, among students shall benefit all and existing University culture does not provide sufficient support for sharing knowledge. On the contrary voluntarily sharing information was strongly refused and positive attitude that sharing knowledge reduces student competitiveness among peers. And most of them confirmed that there is lack of interaction between those who need knowledge and those who can provide knowledge. Conclusion: Our research has identified several dimensions of knowledge infrastructure which are considered supporting knowledge sharing behavior: University culture, University structure, students, and information resources. This research is based on statistical analysis to explain how knowledge infrastructure is able to shape knowledge sharing behavior.

Keywords: Knowledge sharing, Knowledge Management, Explicit knowledge

Pages: 20-24

       E.N.C. Okafor, D.C. Idoniboyeobi, I.O. Akwukwaegbu
Surge protection practice for equipment in substations

Abstract: The surge voltages, especially those due to lightning have very high magnitudes. Therefore, power systems require adequate protection against direct lightning strokes. Protection of transmission lines against natural or lightning over voltages and minimizing the lightning over voltages are done by suitable line design, providing guard and ground wires, and using surge diverters. This paper discusses suitable techniques to protect transmission lines and apparatus at substations (Switchgears and transformers).

Keywords: Transmission lines, Substations, Switchgears, Transformer, Ground wires, Counterpoise, Expulsion gaps, Protective tubes, Surge diverter

Pages: 25-31

       Ali Haydar, Kamil Dimililer
A genetic algorithm for calculating eigenvalues of the spheroidal wave functions

Abstract: Evolutionary algorithms have been extensively used in many fields of science as an optimisation tool. This paper presents the use of genetic algorithm, which is a basic evolutionary algorithm, to calculate the eigenvalues of the spheroidal wave functions. The main advantages of the genetic algorithm compared to the standard procedures used for this purpose are that it does not require any initial estimate for the eigenvalue and it can also be used at the branch points without any additional numerical modification. Another advantage of using the genetic algorithm is that the accuracy does not depend on the size parameter. The proposed approach is explained and results are compared with some eigenvalues published or calculated by some well known methods.

Keywords: Spheroidal wave functions, spheroidal eigenvalues, genetic algorithm.

Pages: 32-37

       A. Khodadadi
Solving Constrained Flow-Shop Scheduling Problem with Three Machines

Abstract: A new method is proposed to obtain an optimal scheduling sequence for flow-shop scheduling problems involving transportation time .The proposed method is very simple and easy to understand and also, provides an important tool for decision makers when they design a scheduling for constrained flow-shop scheduling problems with 3 machines. The proposed method is illustrated with help of numerical example.

Keywords: flow-shop scheduling problem; Transportation time; optimal sequence

Pages: 38-40

       Ch. Fahad Azim, Dur-e-Jabeen, Syed Faiz Ahmed
FEC performance enhancement of mobile Wimax by controlling trace back length

Abstract: In the advance revolutionaries world increasing the speed of wireless networks require a reliable solution for data transfer. In this paper, intensive work on the decoding of the concatenated coding scheme has been implemented. The decoding of the concatenated RS-Convolutional coding scheme is based on the soft decoding and the soft/hard decision of the component codes. The performance of the decoding of those concatenated codes has been evaluated on the Gaussian channel.

Keywords: convolutional, RS- Reed Solomon, Veterbi coding

Pages: 41-46

       Marius Chirugu, Dragos Paraschiv, Gianina Madalina Timofte
Measurement and testing camber gears with cnc klingelnberg P 65 machines

Abstract: This paper shows how to measure and realized the test camber gears with CNC machine KLINGELNBERG P 65 with the clamping device for measuring the workpiece on the machine with hidroplast punch. Recording and interpretation of data on gears with camber that will be measured through the sheet is realized an operation control and control chart.

Keywords: camber gears, control chart, hidroplast punch, measurement

Pages: 47-52

       C.C. Mbaocha, G.A. Chukwudebe, E.N.C. Okafor, S.O.E. Ogbogu
Recursive estimation of vehicle position with kalman filter estimator

Abstract: A good filtering algorithm can remove noise from electromagnetic signals while retaining the useful information in the case of radio communication systems. But Kalman filter is a good tool or set of mathematical equations that provides an efficient computational (recursive) means to estimate the state of a process, in a way that minimizes the mean of the squared error. This paper describes basic concepts that enable one to design and implement a Kalman filter in a real world problem. The paper uses a vehicle navigating along a straight line to illustrate how kalman filter effectively minimizes the measurement error covariance.

Keywords: Kalman filter, measurement error covariance, recursive estimation

Pages: 53-58

       AL Mahasne Mayas Mohammad
Increasing of vehicle threshold resistance

Abstract: The aim of this investigation is to calculate the requirement of suspension system and its components in automobile. The results indicate that the suspension system is subjected to some problems at turning which reflect negatively on the performance of automobile.

Keywords: Hydraulic Damper, Suspension system, Vehicle, Resistance threshold.

Pages: 59-64

       Ayyub Ansarinejad, Mohsen-Sadegh Amalnick, Mohammad Ghadamyari, Samad Ansarinejad, Loghman Hatami-Shirkouhi
Evaluating the critical success factors in ERP implementation using fuzzy AHP approach

Abstract: Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a high technical cross-functional information system to improve organizational performance and competitiveness by streamlining business processes and eliminating duplication of work and data. Since ERP systems have lots of advantages for the organization, the ERP implementation is not straightforward and involves significant risks.

Keywords: ERP implementation, Critical Success Factors, group decision making Fuzzy AHP.

Pages: 65-80

       Opara F. Kelechi, Okorafor N. Godfrey
Survey of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) over wireless networks: issues, challenges and solutions in Nigeria

Abstract: With the emergence of New Technology in the last decade, the uses of handheld devices and laptops have become very common. Most of these devices interconnect using wireless links. TCP is the most widely accepted reliable, connection-oriented, full-duplex, byte stream transport level protocol that is in use today. It is an end-toend protocol in wired networks that support flow and congestion control.

Keywords: TCP, Wireless Network, Fixed Host, Mobile Host, and Internet

Pages: 81-88

       Somya Adwan, Hamzah Arof
Dynamic time warping approach toward face patterns detection

Abstract: This paper proposed a method for face and facial pattern detection based on similarity search by using dynamic time warping algorithm. The image boundaries were located using edge detection information, and dynamic time warping is applied to search for the minimum distance between the template and the input image partitions.

Keywords: dynamic time warping algorithm, facial pattern detection, computer vision

Pages: 89-95

       J.E.O. Ovri, Michael Iroh
Design and installation of a Cathodic Protection System using magnesium anode

Abstract: Design of a Cathodic Protection System for a mild steel pipe using sacrificial magnesium anode was investigated. The soil resistivity was determined using the wenner-four pin method and this was found to be 2000Ωcm. The pipe was externally coated with polytape wrapping and a protecting current of 0.019mA corresponding to a current density of 0.02mA/m² above the design requirement of 0.01132mA and 0.01mA/m² respectively were obtained. A protecting potential of -1100mV was obtained which is in the range (-850 to - 1150)mV for protected mild steel confirmed that the pipe was cathodically protected.

Keywords: Cathodic protection system, mild steel, soil resistivity, magnesium anode, polytape wrappings.

Pages: 96-102

       F.S. Kazemi, R. Tavakkoli-Moghaddam
Solving a multi-objective multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with particle swarm optimization

Abstract: In this paper, a new mathematical model for a multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with positive and negative cash flows, is presented that optimizes bi-objectives, The first objective is maximization of the net present value (NPV) with two types of commonly used payment models and the second one, is minimization the makespan and floating time (i.e., maximization of robustness).we introduced a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO) that combines with genetic operators. To prove the efficiency of our proposed PSO, a number of test problems taken from the project scheduling problem library (PSPLIB) are solved. The computational results show that the proposed PSO outperforms the NSGA-II.

Keywords: Multi-objective multi-mode resource-constrained, Negative and positive cash flow; Pareto archive particle swarm optimization; Multi-objective genetic algorithm; NSGA-II

Pages: 103-110

       O.C.N. Ndukwe, O.A. Ndubuka
Characterization of colloidal polystyrene crystals (Ø118nm) in deionized condition

Abstract: An aqueous polystyrene suspension, diameter 118nm, has been characterized. Shear moduli measured by torsional resonance spectroscopy increased with particle concentration, determined by static light scattering. The conductivity also increased with number density. The suspension at particle number of 17.33μm^-3 showed a BCC (body-centered cubic) crystalline phase. 0.7μm^-3 was the minimum number density for an ordered phase; below this value crystallization did not occur no matter the extent of deionization. At number density less then 1μm^-3 and lattice constants greater than 1000nm the sample existed in three phases; crystalline-coexistence, coexistencefluid, and fluid.

Keywords: Polystyrene colloid, characterization, deionization, number density, shear modulus, colloidal crystals

Pages: 111-116

       Fazli Öztürk, C. Ölçücü
Ethnobotanical features of some plants in the district of Şemdinli (Hakkari-Turkey)

Abstract: This study had been carried out in Şemdinli a town of Hakkari province between 1991 and 2000. In the region there had been a searching about some plants surrounded the area and in addition there had been searched their local names and their usage in many different ways. In this study are given various knowledge about 95 useful plants grown in the region 59 of them are reported for the first time. In addition to the all of the identified plants, their vernacular names and their medicinal uses have also been included in the list.

Keywords: Ethnobotany, Şemdinli, Turkey

Pages: 117-121

       Ghassem Habibi Bibalani
Investigation on Pyrus Sp. root growth in first tree years

Abstract: Vegetation Roots is been used for slope stability and Cause stability force versus failure that improve slope instability. For this purpose, whatever the root growth rate is much more for trees in Initial three-year growth can Cause Faster soil stability improvement. This study looked at North Iran for determination root biomass growing in Initial three-year growth seedling of Pyrus Sp.. Data available for 1-, 2- and 3-year-old Pyrus Sp. seedlings indicate that rate of seedling root biomass growth was about 1 and 1.4 gr for 1, 2 and 3- year-old, respectively.

Keywords: Pyrus Sp., root growth, Iran, Vegetation Roots

Pages: 122-124

       A.M. Mona Soliman, A.M.O. El-Bawab, El-M.A. El-Kholy
Productivity of some barley cultivars under different methods and amounts of irrigation water

Abstract: Two field experiments were carried out during the successive growing seasons, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 on new land of Mahmoud Yassin's Farm in Cairo Alex. Desert Road to study the production of some barley cultivars (Giza 123, Giza 124 and Giza 125) under methods and amounts of irrigation water. The obtained results revealed that there were significant differences between cultivars, irrigation and the obtained effect between them on: plant height, spike length, No. of spikes/m², No. of grains/spike, spike grain weight, weight of 1000- grains (grain index), biological, grain and straw yields, crop index and water use efficiency (WUE).

Keywords: methods and amounts of irrigation water, barley cultivars, Hordeum vulgare L.,

Pages: 125-129

       V.B. Patil, S.S. Kamble
Effect of passage on the development of Carbendazim resistance in Macrophomina Phaseolina Causing charcoal rot of sweet potato

Abstract: Culturing of the sensitive Macrophomina phaseolina (Mp-12) isolate on carbendazim continuously for eight successive passages significantly increased resistance. Use of carbendazim alternately with captan, zineb and mancozeb for eight successive passages significantly increased resistance. Use of carbendazim in mixture with zineb and mancozeb reduced resistance on agar plates. Inoculation of M. phaseolina on sweet potato roots continuously for eight successive passages increased the resistance. Carbendazim alternately and in mixture with captan, zineb and Mancozeb completely inhibited the growth of pathogen at 3^rd passage.

Keywords: charcoal rot, carbendazim, Macrophomina phaseolina, passage, resistance

Pages: 130-132

       Raed A.I. Bashitialshaaera, Kenneth M. Persson, Mohammad Aljaradin
Estimated future salinity in the Arabian gulf, the Mediterranean sea and the red sea consequences of brine discharge from desalination

Abstract: Seawater desalination constitutes an important source for water supply to the population bordering the Arabian Gulf, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Red Sea. The three regions represent about 11.8% of the world land area and the countries hosted approximately 9% of the world population in 1950 and 2008 and are projected to do so again in 2050. Population statistics for a 100-year period has been used including a prognosis from 2010 to 2050. Data on desalination plant capacity covering 12 years from 1996 to 2008 has been summarized and a prognosis of the increase in desalination for the three regions until 2050 developed. The results obtained for desalination capacity in the study area were 62%, 58%, and 60% of the world capacity for 1996, 2008, and 2050, respectively.

Keywords: Arabian Gulf; Mediterranean Sea; Red Sea; Desalination; Water-Salt balance; 1D-advectiondiffusion; Salinity

Pages: 133-140

       Hala M. Koura, Ashraf Galal, Dina M. Kandil, Manal F. Elshamaa, Eman A. Elghorori, Eman S. Khalifa
Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase - Associated Lipocalin as a marker of disease activity in patients with lupus Nephritis

Abstract: Background:/b> Renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with poor prognosis. Conventional clinical parameters are not sensitive or specific enough for detecting ongoing disease activity in the lupus kidneys. Methods: Thirty six patients with a mean age 14.3 yrs with biopsy proven lupus nephritis were assessed for disease activity using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 update in a cross-sectional study. Results: NGAL levels didn’t differ with age weight and sex of patients. Lupus nephritis patients had significantly higher NGAL levels than did healthy controls or those with JIA (p=0.0001) NGAL levels were strongly correlated with renal disease activity(r=0.48, p=0.0001) but not with extrarenal disease activity score. Conclusion: Urinary NGAL is a promising biomarker in children and adolescents with SLE nephritis. The results of the current study require validation in a larger longitudinal cohort to more accurately delineate NGAL excretion in children, adolescents and adults with lupus nephritis.

Keywords: PKU, bone mineral density, diet control

Pages: 141-146

       José António Filipe, Manuel Alberto M. Ferreira, Manuel Coelho
An ethical issue in anti-commons management. Aquaculture case in Portugal

Abstract: Ethical problems are a very relevant issue present in many aspects of real life. These situations can be examined through several branches and under several ways or grids of analysis, modern or classic. The relationship among people, either in business or current life management, involves problematic aspects in real life situations, which have often ethical consequences.

Keywords: Anti-commons, Anti-commons Tragedy, Property Rights, Exclusion Rights, Ethics

Pages: 250-252

       Javad Afrasiabi, Hamed Ahmadinia
How financing effect on capital structure, evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)

Abstract: This study is an empirical analysis of the financing effect on the Capital Structure of the company. For this purpose and in terms of financing methods, first we have divided companies into two groups, including Corporations with much leverage in their capital structure and corporations with high stock issuance. Then we analyzed them by using the capital asset pricing model and capital structure theories. All of this research has been made in connection with the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2006 to 2009.

Keywords: Capital Structure, Financing, CAPM, Capital Structures Theory

Pages: 253-260

       Mahdi Mahdiloo, Abdollah Noorizadeh, Reza Farzipoor Saen
A new approach for considering a dual-role factor in supplier selection problem

Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of a factor in supplier selection analysis which may be classified either an input or an output. The quantity of such a factor may influence the relative efficiency of the Suppliers. Despite the fact that there are several publications addressing dual-role factors, it seems that their idea of classifying a factor as an input or an output within a single model cannot consider the causality relationships between inputs and outputs. A simple approach is proposed to resolve this limitation and to consider dual-role factor as well. A numerical example demonstrates the application of the proposed approach in supplier selection context.

Keywords: Supplier selection; Data envelopment analysis; Dual-role factor

Pages: 261-266

       Nadeem Malik
A study on job satisfaction factors of faculty members in University of Balochistan

Abstract: Job satisfaction is one of the most widely discussed issues in organizational behavior, personnel and human resource management and organizational management. As teaching does require a great deal of thoroughness and commitment, so in teaching it is more important to have mental commitment and loyalty than physical presence. In this study the researcher investigated the present level of job satisfaction among the faculty members of university of Balochistan.

Keywords: Faculty Members, Job Satisfaction, Motivator Factors, Hygiene Factors

Pages: 267-272

       Mahshid Ghorbanian
Recognizing neighborhood satisfaction; significant dimensions and assessment factors

Abstract: This study looks at the relation of attributes of the neighborhood and satisfaction with them to evaluate the overall neighborhood satisfaction. The concept of neighborhood has been severely blurred if not lost as a result of the development practices of the last several decades. So research must first come to a conclusion regarding how to define a neighborhood. Then it will reveal the concept of satisfaction and the term in neighborhood scale. Since Neighborhood satisfaction refers to residents’ overall evaluation of their neighborhood and dimensions of satisfaction consist different issues which refer to the aspects, characteristics, and features of the residential environment, so several factors that influence the neighborhood satisfaction will be introduced in various categories as the result of the essay.

Keywords: neighborhood, satisfaction, neighborhood satisfaction, dimensions of neighborhood satisfaction

Pages: 273-282

       Nadejda Bulankina, Sophia Polyankina
Philosophy of contemporary polycultural education

Abstract: The goal of the article is to consider one of the urgent issues of modern school, i. e. education in the context of multiculturalism. In the article there are compared the concepts of “multicultural education” in the USA and “polycultural education” in Russian Federation. Meanwhile it is noted that conceptual structure of modern polycultural education is going through a syncretic phase, which means that inventory and concretization of concepts appearing in the papers on this topic are indispensable.

Keywords: multicultural education, polycultural education, multiculturalism, personal self-determination in culture.

Pages: 283-285

       Asif Jamil, Malik Amer Atta, Jalil-ur-Rehman Baloch, Muhammad Ayaz
Gender perceptions and differences of opinion on effectuality of sports in preventing antisocial behaviours

Abstract: Effectuality of sports in modifying and bringing some positive shifts in the behaviours of its participants is evidenced through scholarly studies by the sports scientists. It is important that men and women both simultaneously acknowledge and admire the quality of sports and apply it for controlling antisocial behaviours and modifying the youth deportments.

Keywords: Gender, sports participation, effectuality, antisocial behaviours

Pages: 286-292

       Muhammad Nisar Ulhaq, Azhar Mahmood, Sheikh Tariq Mahmood, Shazia Zamir
A comparative study of the performance of community model schools and government higher secondary schools in Pakistan

Abstract: This study was designed to examine the performance of Community Model Schools working under Community Participation Project. The objectives of the study were (1) to find out the performance of Community Model Schools at Higher Secondary School Certificate level examinations for years 2006, 2007 & 2008. (2) To find out the performance of Government Higher Secondary School Certificate level examinations for years 2006, 2007 & 2008. (3) To compare the results of Community Model Schools (CMS) and Government Higher Secondary Schools in years 2006, 2007 & 2008.

Keywords: Community participation, Secondary Schools, Performance, Community Model Schools.

Pages: 293-295

       Stergiani Giaouri, Anastasia Alevriadou, Lena Lang
Ambiguous figures perception and theory of mind understanding in children with intellectual disabilities: an empirical study with some educational implications

Abstract: Ambiguous figures (AF) are a special class of images that can give rise to multiple interpretations. Several researchers in early social-cognition suggest that the perception of AF may be related to an understanding of one’s own and others’ mental states and also correlated with success on theory of mind (ToM) tasks (1-3). However, the relation between AF perception and ToM understanding has been rarely studied in children with intellectual disabilities (ID) (either ID of genetic origin or non-specific ID). The aim of the present study was to determine the specificity of understanding multiple and ambiguous representations to different groups of children with ID. The results suggested that the understanding of the ambiguity of perceptual representations might be related to more abstract higher-order cognitive capacities, which might also be impaired in children with ID. These findings are discussed in terms of the specificity of the etiology-related cognitive profiles of ID groups, considering the educational inclusion practices.

Keywords: Ambiguous figures, Educational implications, Intellectual disabilities, Theory of mind

Pages: 296-300

       Remziye Ceylan, Müdriye Yıldız Bıçakçı, Neriman Aral, Figen Gürsoy
A study on the empathic skills of preschool teachers

Abstract: This study was conducted in order to explore whether teachers’ age, educational background, type of institution they work for, duration of work, type of work, ways of spending spare time, and the number of children in their group created a difference in preschool teachers’ empathic skill levels. The study involved 224 teachers working in the public and preschools affiliated to the Ministry of Education and located in the center of Ankara. Data about the teachers and preschools was gathered by using a “General Information Form”. Teachers’ emphatic skills were determined by the “Scale for Emphatic Skills - B Form” designed by Dökmen (1988). The results of study showed that teachers’ age, educational background, type of institution they work for, duration of work, type of work, ways of spending spare time, and the number of children in their classes do not create a difference in their empathy skill levels (p>.05).

Keywords: Pre-school teacher, empathy, child, development of empathy.

Pages: 301-305

       Riasat Ali, Aqila Akhter, Saqib Shahzad, Najma Sultana, Muhammad Ramzan
The impact of motivation on students' academic achievement in mathematics in problem based learning environment

Abstract: The major focus of the study was to check the impact of motivation on students' academic achievement in problem based learning environment in the mathematics elementary level. The study was experimental in nature and pre-test- post test design was used the study.

Keywords: Problem Based Learning, Mathematics, Motivation

Pages: 306-309

       Muhammad Iqbal Naeem, Syed Asad Abbas Rizvi
A comparative study of English language curriculum of secondary school certificate (SSC) and general certificate of education ordinary level (GCE O-level) in Pakistan

Abstract: This study was aimed at comparing the curriculum of General Certificate of Education Ordinary level (GCEO level) and Secondary School Certificate of education (SSC) English language programmes in Pakistan. The population of the study constituted of all the Principals and teachers of Secondary School Certificate (SSC) and General Certificate of Education-Ordinary level (GCE-O level) in Punjab.

Keywords: English language, secondary school certificate, General Certificate of Education Ordinary level

Pages: 310-316

       Aamna Saleem Khan
Existing level of understanding of concepts in the subject of chemistry among class IX students

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to ascertain the veracity of the criticism leveled against methods of teaching science at the secondary school level by checking the present level of understanding of concepts among students in the subject of Chemistry. The objective of the study was to explore the present level of concept formation during teaching of Chemistry to Class IX students.

Keywords: Secondary school, Class IX students, subject of Chemistry

Pages: 317-321

       Fatemeh Mosazadeh-Sayadmahaleh, Yusef Esmaeilzadeh-Estakhrbijar, Ghassem Habibi Bibalani
Roles of Cypress in poems by Hafez

Abstract: Cypress is the common name used for many plants in the cypress family (Cupressaceae), which is a conifer that grows in the northern temperate regions. Cypress has been the first choice as a tree for Iranian Gardens. Khwaja Samsu d-Din Muḥammad Hafez-e Sirazi, known by his pen name Hafez (1315–1390) was a Persian lyric poet. Cypress has been used at 70 poetry lines that at 33 lines used this plant in Metaphor and at 11 lines used in Simile. Cypress has been used for Metaphor for Beloved stature (in 4 lines), Beloved (in 12 lines), Tall Beloved (in 17 lines). Cypress has been used for Simile for Willow (in 1 line), Coming Slowly (in 2 lines) and Stature (in 6 lines), Freedom (in 1 line) and Loyalty (in 1 line).

Keywords: Simile, Metaphor, Cypress, poems, Hafez

Pages: 322-327

       Paul-Doru Barsanescu, Bogdan Leitoiu, Viorel Goanta, Doru Cantemir, Sergiu Gherasim
Reduction of residual stresses induced by welding in Monel alloy, using parallel heat welding

Abstract: In order to reduce the residual stresses induced by welding, in this paper a technique named as “parallel heat welding” (PHW) has been used for Monel 400 alloy. PHW is performed by a pair of parallel heating torches, attached on both sides of central arc welding torch, as a movable heating source supplied with natural gas, during welding process

Keywords: reduction, conventional welding, parallel heat welding, Finite Elements Analysis

Pages: 335-339

       Ramadan Rajab, N. Mohamad Nor, K. Ramar
A study of the transient state characteristics of different rodbeds grounding systems

Abstract:This paper investigates transient voltage and current characteristics of earthing systems consisting of two, three and four-rods, at three different sites based on field measurements and simulations. The measuring and modeling circuits’ configurations and the characteristics of applied tools are provided. Experimental results have been obtained using variable peak impulse currents. Some of the several experimental methods and results for the earthing systems are presented. The results obtained show compliance between theoretical and experimental data. Results shown are related to cases without soil ionization around the earthing systems. Experimental results were found to agree favorably with those obtained theoretically using the LTspice simulation program.

Keywords: Earthing system, experimental investigation, impulse characteristics, voltage and currentwave shapes, transient grounding system

Pages: 340-345

       Omid Khorasani, Morteza Khakzar Bafruei
A fuzzy AHP approach for evaluating and selecting supplier in pharmaceutical industry

Abstract:Since a certified supplier is a key component and a good resource for a purchaser in reducing such costs, estimation and selection of the potential suppliers has become an important component of supply chain management. The supplier selection issue has been founded out as one of the fundamental operators in the supply chain. Because of importance of medicine in the society, supply chain management of pharmaceutical industry is of high importance. Hence, in this research, supplier selection in this industry is studied. The case study is choosing the best supplier of maize starch in a pharmacy company in Iran. At first, the most important criteria for supplier selection like price, quality, service, organization, and technical issues are identified through the literature review. Then, criteria appropriate for pharmaceutical industry and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (FAHP) are used for selecting the best supplier.

Keywords: Supply Chain; Analytical Hierarchical Process; Fuzzy Logic; Supplier

Pages: 346-352

       M.H.M.A. Jahromi, R. Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, E. Givaki, A. Rezapour-Ziba
A simulated annealing approach for a standard one-dimensional cutting stock problem

Abstract: A cutting stock problem (CSP) is one of the main and classical problems in operations research that is modeled as linear programming (LP). Due to the NP-hard nature of this problem, finding an optimal solution in a reasonable time is so hard for large-sized problems. In this paper, a simulated annealing (SA) approach is proposed to solve such a hard problem. To evaluate the performance of this method, a number of randomly generates problems are solved using the proposed SA approach. The related results are compared with results obtained by a branch and bound (B&B) method for small and medium-sized problems. By comparison of computational results, it is found that the proposed SA approach gives the promising results in terms of the objective function values and CPU times.

Keywords: One-dimensional cutting stock problem; simulated annealing; branch and bound.

Pages: 353-358

       Adriano Souza, Francisca Souza, Rui Menezes
Analysis of equilibrium in industrial variables through error correction models

Abstract: This research aimed to evaluate the relationship between variables of the temperature adjustment and the percentage of heating in the molding oven of the Polyethylene Terephthalate Resin (PTR) used in the manufacture of the preform of two-liter bottles. It also investigated the direction of causality between these variables in order to determine how an external shock is transmitted to the system. Vector Error Correction (VEC) methodology was used to carry out this study. It was possible to identify the variable to be monitored and estimate the minimum time for the system to reach the stability of the oven temperature.

Keywords: Quality control, vector autoregression, vector error correction model, response-impulse variable, industrial oven temperature.

Pages: 359-364

       Rashid Hussain, Abdul Rehman Memon
Towards an efficient segmentation of malignant areas in noisy brain MR (Magnetic Resonant) images

Abstract: The early detection of brain malignant areas plays a vital role in patient survival rate. However identifying these artifacts is a difficult task in the magnetic resonant images. This process is specially challenging when it comes to interpret artifacts in brain noisy MR images. Presence of noise in magnetic resonant images could possibly hamper the detection of various artifacts. Conventional image segmentation methods have extensively used to find pattern of interest from brain magnetic resonant images. Conventional methods have major limitations especially when image is corrupted with bursts of random noise.

Keywords: Fuzzy image segmentation, Wavelet thresholding, Non-homogenous noise

Pages: 365-375

       Opara F. Kelechi, Ogungbenro A. Oluwaseyi
Design and simulation of an embedded wireless sensor based automatic collision detection/avoidance system and its controls

Abstract: This work is on “the Design and Simulation of Embedded Wireless Sensor Based Automatic Collision Detection/avoidance System”. Using angle of arrival method (AOA) and time of arrival (TOA) method, an ultrasonic transmitter is fed with a 40KHz AC signal generated by a microcontroller, such that an ultrasonic sound wave is generated. The transmitter and the receiver are fixed on the same car such that the sound wave travels outwardly at a speed of sound, on hitting an obstruction which may be a vehicle or any other object the car must not collide with, it reflects back towards the source and is then picked back by the ultrasonic receiver.

Keywords: Embedded Wireless Sensor, Collision, Ultrasonic transmitter, Surveillance

Pages: 376-382

       Gomaa Zaki El-Far
A modified hybrid approach for controlling nonlinear multivariable dynamical robot system

Abstract: This paper presents a modified hybrid immune algorithm for the design of intelligent controllers to control the behavior of nonlinear multivariable dynamical systems in real world problems. The proposed hybrid algorithm is based on modified multigeneration immune genetic algorithm (MMIGA) combined with fuzzy logic control system. The modifications of the proposed genetic algorithm include adding of multigeneration loops to the algorithm.

Keywords: Hybrid immune genetic algorithm, fuzzy logic controller, multigeneration modified genetic algorithm, nonlinear multivariable robot system.

Pages: 383-397

       Sorin Popa, Dragos Paraschiv, Corneliu Pricope, Valerica Husanu, Daniel Smantana, Valica Popa
Research on titanium coating contact surfaces of bearing elements

Abstract: In this paper we analyze how you have to perform surgery with titanium coating of bearing components, namely the surfaces in contact after their installation. The role of deposit layer on the titanium surface is to increase the sustainability of these essential parts of machine tools, thus extending their lifespan and ability to work at higher speeds and temperatures.

Keywords: coating, bearing, parameter

Pages: 398-404

       Gianina Madalina Timofte, Dragos Paraschiv, Chirugu Marius
Diagnosis of workplaces organisation specific to romanian machine manufacturing industry

Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to examine how are organized workplaces specific to manufacturing machines industry from Romania. Characterization of the current situation was made based on the data from a questionnaire which included questions relevant to the analysis. For the questionnaire, was selected a sample of thirty companies in Romania, and as a way for the issuance and receipt of questionnaires, was used email.

Keywords: diagnosis, workplace, organisation, questionnaire, improvement.

Pages: 405-410

       Mehdi Ebrat, Reza Ghodsi
Risk assessment of construction projects using network based adaptive fuzzy system

Abstract: The main aim of this paper is determining the key risk factors of construction projects in Iran and developing an intelligent system to assess them. In this research, first the risks involved in construction projects has been identified and arranged in a systematic hierarchical structure. Questionnaire surveys and literature review were used for data collection. Next, based on the obtained data a network was based on the adaptive fuzzy system has been designed for the evaluation of project risks. The results show that the ANFIS models are more promising in the assessment of construction projects risks. The designed adaptive fuzzy system can learn from experience and past knowledge, can induce knowledge to future conditions by learning and updating itself and it can be applied to quantitative and qualitative factors.

Keywords: risk evaluation, construction projects, project planning, fuzzy systems, neural network.

Pages: 411-417

       F.K Opara, E. Ovuorie Efemena, Egbujo Felix
Solar solution for mobile charging centers in Nigeria

Abstract: Nigeria is one of the emerging markets for mobile operators who are increasingly looking towards the developing world for future subscriber growth. This comes with great benefit to individuals, business activities and access to information. The unreliable grid power in the country hinders the smooth spread of these operators across the country, it equally affects subscribers to these mobile operators who find it difficult to charge their mobile phones hence reducing the Average Revenue per User (ARPU) of the mobile operators.

Keywords: risk evaluation, construction projects, project planning, fuzzy systems, neural network.solar, mobile charging, gsm, inverter, battery charger.

Pages: 418-426

       Manuel Alberto M. Ferreira, Marina Andrade
Fundaments of Theory of Queues

Abstract: Consider a Service Centre at which arrive units, the customers, requiring service to other units, the servers, with or without distinction among customers and servers.

Keywords:Theory of Queues,, fundaments

Pages: 427-429

       Amjad Abdallah Abdelkarim, Hebah H.O. Nasereddin
Intrusion prevention system

Abstract: New research is going towards find new protection system that offer advanced features that protect computer systems from any attack. This paper describes how intrusion prevention system work, some features that intrusion prevention system have, advantages and disadvantages of intrusion prevention system, some different between intrusion prevention system and intrusion detection system.

Keywords: Intrusion Prevention System, Intrusion Detection System, Firewall, IPS.

Pages: 430-431

       M. Yarmohammadi, A. Chizarifard
Practical Points in Implementing Block Clustering with Mixture Models

Abstract: Cluster analysis is a multivariate method which has a long history and absorbed much attention both theoretically and practically. Based on the data type, distance measures and algorithms, there are a lot of varieties for clustering. Among these, Block Clustering with Mixture Models (BCMM) is selected to be implemented and examined practically. In this paper it is tried to collect some points that may arise during implementation of the algorithm.

Keywords: Clustering, Mixture model, Block mixture model, Latent Class model, EM algorithm, Block CEM algorithm.

Pages: 432-442

       R.C. Jagessar, Odessa Alleyne
Determination of Nitrate anions concentrations in Waste Water from Selected areas of Coastal Guyana via a Spectrophotometric method

Abstract: Anion sensing and testing is a difficult area of Coordination Chemistry. The presence of nitrate anions in water beyond the threshold limit can be deleterious to both flora and fauna life. Guyana’s waste and domestic water needs constant monitoring to assess the concentration of toxic anions and cations. High levels of nitrate anion beyond the threshold limit can cause the “blue baby” syndrome amongst other effects. This paper focuses on the determination of nitrate anion concentration from three selected areas of coastal Guyana using a Spectrophotometric method.

Keywords: Nitrate, threshold limit, flora and fauna, Spectrophotometric method, effluent, 95% confidence level, water treatment plants

Pages: 443-453

       Mohammed A. Hussein, Refaat H. Omar, Hatem S. Farghaly
Design, Synthesis, Structure Elucidation And Biochemical Evaluation of Some Novel Anti-inflammatory Schiff's Base Derivatives Bearing Pyrazolo [3, 4-d] Pyrimidine-4-ones

Abstract: The present work involves the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of some new anti-inflammatory pyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidine derivatives 5a,b. Thionation of compounds 5a,b by action of P₂O₅ in pyridine yielded 2- aryloxymethyl-3-amino-1-phenyl-pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine-4-thions 6a,b A number of new Schiff's bases 7-12 were prepared via reaction of N-amino 5a,b with aromatic aldehydes.

Keywords: Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, LD₅₀, anti-inflammatory, SGOT, SGPT and ALP

Pages: 454-462

       Sakineh Nouri Saeidlou, Türkan Kutlay Merdol, Peyman Mikaili, Yenar Bektaş
Assessment of the nutritional status of elderly people living at nursing homes in northwest Iran

Abstract: Background: Health promotion encourages people to control and improve their own health. Goals of increasing the healthy life expantancy, improving the quality of life for all, reducing mortality and morbidity rates, and increasing life expectancy are emphasized in all regions of the world. Aims: The primary aim was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and the risk factors among elderly people living at nursing home in Urmia, Iran. A further aim was to assess the energy and nutrient intake of elderly nursing home residents. A final objective was to determine physical activity patterns of elderly people living at nursing home. Methods: This study was carried out on elderly people, living at all which are 6 nursing homes in Urmia, Iran. Subjects who were over 65 years were selected to the study. All together 106 persons, 30 males 76 females, were participated. In this study, data of 106 elderly people were collected with a structured questionnaire that was divided into four parts: 1) Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire, 2) 24-hours food recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), 3) Physical activity questionnaire. Results and Conclusion: Among the elderly people living at nursing home, 12.26% were well nourished, 49.06% malnourished and 38.68% at risk of malnutrition.

Keywords: Nursing home, Elderly, Nutrition status, Malnutrition, MNA Test, Urmia, Iran.

Pages: 463-472

       Samar A. Ahmed, Sahar Dewedar
Obstetric patient perceptions of written consent forms: A Middle East hospital study

Abstract: This work aims at defining the obstetrics and gynecology patients' awareness of the legal implications of written consent and their opinion on the function and remit of the consent form.A structured interview protocol was developed and handed out to One thousand female patients in the obstetrics department of Ain Shams university hospital and who have just undergone obstetric surgery.

Keywords: A Middle East Hospital Study, obstetric, patient

Pages: 473-476

       R. Mehdinavaz, Siamak Najarian, H.S. Emami, S. Shakhesi, S. Khanlari
In vitro evaluation of biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone)-based blended nanofibrous scaffold for soft tissue engineering

Abstract: Nanofibrous scaffold of synthetic polymers including poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) have shown considerable potential in tissue regeneration. In this study, a blended nanofiber scaffold was prepared using two synthetic polymers, poly (ε-caprolactone) and polyglycolic acid (PGA), using the electrospinning method. In order to confirm the properties of this PCL/PGA blended nanofibrous scaffold, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurement, mechanical properties, biodegradation test and cellular response were performed.

Keywords: Soft tissue engineering, Electrospinning, nanofiber, PCL, PGA

Pages: 477-483

       Azza M. Ahmed, Ayat A. Motawie, Sally A.F. El-Sahrigy, N.A. Kantoush, S.M. Abdel-Ghany, U. Abdel-Shakour
Helicobacter pylori infection in Egyptian children with bronchial asthma

Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the helicobacter pylori infection in a group of Egyptian children with bronchial asthma to determine whether there is a relationship between H.pylori infection and bronchial asthma or not. This study was conducted on 60 children aged 8-17 years of both sex. They were taken from out patients' pediatrics clinics of Alzahraa University Hospital and National Research Center. The studied cases were classified into two groups: group 1, thirty children with bronchial asthma and group 2, thirty apparently healthy children of matched age and sex as a control group.

Keywords: helicobacter pylori- bronchial asthma- pulmonary function tests.

Pages: 484-492

       Omid Panahi
Relevance between gingival hyperplasia and leukemia

Abstract: Gingival hyperplasia is secondary to infiltration of the gingival tissue with leukemia cells and is well described in the literature. Gingival hyperplasia is characterized by progressive enlargement of the interdental papillae as well as the marginal and attached gingiva. Primary manifestations include odontalgia,ulceration of the palate, gingivitis, petechiae and ecchymoses of the soft & hard palate, tongue and tonsils are also observed.leukemic infiltrates in the gingivae are commonly seen in monocyte leukemia.my research based on the relation between Gingival hyperplasia and leukemia, which one, if we have early medical therapy we may resolve the gingival hyperplasia.

Keywords: Gingival hyperplasia,Monocyte Leukemia,Gingiva,Soft and Hard palate.

Pages: 493-494

       Alaa Ali, Gihan A. Fathy, Hanan A. Fathy, Nagwa Abd EL-Ghaffar
Epidemiology of iron deficiency anaemia: effect on physical growth in primary school children, the importance of hookworms

Abstract: Anemia is estimated to affect almost one-half of school-age Children in the developing countries. The school years are an Opportune time to intervene and interventions must be based on sound epidemiologic understanding of the problem in this age group. We report on the distribution of iron deficiency and anemia across Age, sex, anthropometric indexes, and parasitic infections in a Representative sample of 400 schoolchildren from Elminopheia district, Egypt.

Keywords: iron deficiency, physical growth, anaemia, Hookworms, schoolchildren.

Pages: 495-500

       Imoru Momodu, Kabiru Suleiman, Shehu Abdullahi, Umar A. Shehu
Haematological values in Nigerian children with steady state homozygous sickle cell disease

Abstract: Sickle cell disease is a group of genetic disorders characterized by the presence of sickle haemoglobin, anaemia, acute and chronic tissue injury due to blockage of blood flow by abnormally shaped red cells. This study is aimed at determining the haematological parameters in steady state homozygous sickle cell disease which can be used to monitor the status.

Keywords:Haematological values, Nigerian children, steady state, homozygous sickle cell disease.

Pages: 501-506

       Mohammad Aljaradin, Kenneth M. Persson, Hossam Ibrahim Al-Itawi
Public awareness and willingness for recycle in Jordan

Abstract: Jordan has seen a large increase in population during the past five decades as a result of population growth and forced migrations, and also, accompanied with this increase, a cultural and economical development that has improved the standard of living and changing consumer habits in the community, resulting in a clear increase in the volume of waste. These changes urges the need for finding proper ways of making the living conditions for the people of Jordan more sustainable, recycling has been adopted as an important way to reduce waste and ease the use of landfills in many courtiers of the world.

Keywords: Jordan; recycling; awareness; willingness, economic and environmental benefits.

Pages: 507-510

       S.P. Kosta, Y.P. Kosta, A. Gaur, Y.M. Dube, J.P. Chuadhari, J. Patoliya, S. Kosta, P. Panchal, P. Vaghela, K. Patel, B. Patel, R. Bhatt, V. Patel
New vistas of electronics towards biological (biomass) sciences

Abstract: Gift of God - the green biomass can be utilized as material of electrical circuit components (RCL, Diode, Transistor).The green plant/tree sustain life due to (i) sap sucked by their roots embedded in the wet soil and (ii) the photo synthesized liquid food processed by green biomass. Both sap and liquid food contain mainly nano size charged particles (ions).Coupling a portion of green leaf to varying EMF one can generate-transmit-receive e.m.waves/pulses (in and around its surroundings) by creating electronic circuits. These circuits may find useful applications in biomass (agricultural crop, garden-plants etc.) health monitoring. The paper presents realization of some biomass logic (OR, AND, NAND, NOR gates) and analog circuits including mem-resistor behavior.

Keywords: Biomass, Gift of God, EMF, nano

Pages: 511-526

       A.M. Shaheen, Fatma A. Rizk, Faten S. Abdel-Aal, Hoda A.M. Habib
Production of safe and economic onion bulbs

Abstract: Two field experiments were carried out during two successive seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 at the experimental station of National Research Centre in Nobaria (Behera Governorate) to economic evaluate the organic with inorganic of onion production under Egyptian condition. Four different organic manures used, i.e. the recycling of agricultural wastes of bagases, corn stalk, water hyacinth, and MSW plus chemical fertilizer, all fertilizer treatments applied at rate of 120 N units/fed., the important obtained results are as follows: 1. Using chemical fertilizer for growing onion plant gained the vigor growth, the heaviest tonnage yield, followed in descending order by the applying bagases as organic manure. But the highest exportable bulbs yield was associated with that plants which received bagases.

Keywords: Onion, bagases, Corn stalks, Water hyacinth, MSW compost

Pages: 527-532

       Nevien A. Abou Sereih, Hassan Abdel-Latif A. Mohamed, Abdel Hamid A. Haggran, Rasha Gomma Said Salim
Genetic and biochemical characterization of some food-borne properties of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae modified trains

Abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was used to examine the changes in the ability to tolerate bile salts, bioaccumulation of selenium, zinc, following EMS as a chemical mutagenic agent treatment. Induction of mutation in S. cerevisiae was carried out by ( 1.17 g/ml ) to take 0.250, 0.500 and 1000 ul/ m1 l. Results revealed that the survival percentagea was decreased by increasing the doses of EMS were as the survival percentage 10.4 % at exposure dose 1000 ul /ml 1. Five mutants were isolated as auxotroph and their nutritional requirement was determined.

Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, EMS, Mutation, Food-Borne properties, Bile salt, bioaccumulation, selenium, zinc and sporulation

Pages: 533-540

       Samira Mehmanravesh
The effects of fish growing pollution in water

Abstract: It is well known that water pollution is an issue beginning to receive more attention recently. Discharging into the rivers, discharging of sewage of fish growing fields are major sources of pollution. But no considerable step has been taken for fish growing fields in the county and the sewage water pouring into rivers. Since rivers constitute main sources of fresh water used in agriculture, drinking, and industrial applications, everything that causes the water pollution can be considered as an important issue to be studied.

Keywords: pollution, river, fish growing, sewage

Pages: 541-545

       Hasan Rahimi Oskuei, Jamshid Ghiasi Ghaleh-kandi, Yahya Ebrahimnejad, Kayvan Hatefinejad, Alireza Lotfi
Effects of in ovo Leptin Administration on body weight and blood glucose concentration of Newly-hatched Chicks

Abstract: With attention to reported positive effects of in ovo leptin administration on hatching results of quail, aim of this study was to investigation of in ovo leptin administration on body weight (BW) and blood glucose concentration (BG) of hatched broiler chickens. 640 fertilized eggs with similar weight were divided into 5 groups; group T1 as control (without injection), group T2 (in ovo injected with basal solution), group T3 (in ovo injected with 0.5 μg/egg leptin), group T4 (in ovo injected with 1 μg/egg leptin) and group T5 (in ovo injected with 1.5 μg/egg leptin). In ovo injection has been done on day 7 of embryonic life, for every injected group.

Keywords: Leptin, in ovo injection, Blood glucose, body weight, Chicken

Pages: 546-548

       Said F. Abd-Elkader, Mohamed Fath EL-Bab, Mohamed Abdou Abd EL-Naeeim
The impact of elevated oxidative stress on the incident physiological and biochemical changes in long distance runners

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of elevated oxidative stress resulting from performing competitions on some physiological variables, the lactic acid concentration, the free oxygen radicals in blood; malondialdehyde (MDA), and thiobarbituric acid-malondialdehyde (TBA-MDA), and the body composition in the 5000 meter runners.

Keywords: Endurance exercise; Antioxidant status; Oxidative stress biomarkers

Pages: 549-553

       Soran Shangapour, Seidawan Hosseini, Hashem Hashem Nejad
A design pattern of virtual architecture for social interaction in Iran. Case study: Iranian architecture society

Abstract: Along with the advent of recent communicative technologies, new cyber social networks have been emerged as the most influential line of interaction. We seek a special design pattern which makes these networks proper to offer users the experience of being submerged in 3D virtual spaces to create an immense liberal interaction.

Keywords: virtual architecture, participation, design pattern, cultural and social communication, Iranian society, interaction

Pages: 554-563

       M.R. Pourjafar, A. Pourjafar, M. Shahinrad
Evolution of towers and Minaret of Islamic architecture from Qabus tower to Malaysian Petronas twin towers (KLCC)

Abstract: Islamic architecture (that many people believe it is Muslims’ architecture) has been developed very well within a vast geographical world of Islam. Studying the evolution of valuable structure, built during 1000 years ago in various part of the Islamic world indicates that there is a valuable potential in traditional Islamic architecture to be considered in developing contemporary architecture.

Keywords: Architecture, Aliabad Tomb, Qabus Tower, Jam minaret, Petronas Twin Towers

Pages: 564-572

       Saeid Yasinian, Zahra Al-Sadat Hosseini, Parisa Yazdan panah Abdolmaleki, Seyedeh Hoda Rastgouy Haghi
History of the typical Persian mills on the Iranian plateau

Abstract: The need for preserving historical constructions is not only a cultural requirement, but also an economical and developmental demand. In addition to their historical interest, cultural heritage buildings are valuable because they contribute significantly to the economy by providing key attractions at a time when tourism and leisure are major industries. Herein, the great Iranian tradition is as yet little known in the West and there is much to be learnt both from it and the building techniques which are integral with it. Meanwhile, not only is the Iranian vernacular building tradition itself still alive, but there is much to be gained from the knowledge of a highly developed technology which makes such ingenious use of natural resources without the consumption of additional power.

Keywords: Iran, Vernacular Architecture, Natural Resources, Water-Mills

Pages: 573-579

       Yelda Aydın Türk, Zeynep Yılmaz Bayram, Ayşe Sağsöz
Evaluating the developmental process of the zoning regulatıons in Turkey in terms of urban design

Abstract: In order to improve the urban living quality and to have liveable cities with identity, an integration of urban design and planning from the upper scale planning system to the designs for application is important. It has been observed that very successful examples have been produced in the planning and design process, which is seen as an integrated mechanism in many European countries, mainly in the UK. In this mechanism, design may partake in planning at any stage and at any scale and is considered to be an inseparable part of planning.

Keywords: Urban Design, Urban Planning, Zoning Regulations, Turkey

Pages: 580-584

       Khaled Al-Omari
FDI Between Theoretical Approach And Applied (case of Jordan)

Abstract: In the recent decades, foreign direct investment (FDI) has become an important driving force in the economic world. This development has required some modifications in the standard theories of international trade, which usually assume that commodities are mobile between countries, while factors of production are not, this allowed the researcher to examine the economic consequences of (FDI) and it is effect in Jordan economics. This research seeks to provide an integrated analysis of two inter linked theoretical areas of (FDI) and Jordan trade to explain the links between them,. The most interesting and relevant aspects of (FDI) is the inter link ages economic, also we decided to focus on action of trade and (FDI) including the impact of (FDI) on trade home of host country (Jordan), this tries to examine the impacts of (FDI) in Jordan economy.

Keywords: Investments, FDI foreign direct investments, developments, Jordan, economic models, (TNCs), FPI (foreign portfolios)

Pages: 585-591

       S. Jabbarzadeh Kangarluei, A. Bayazidi, S.H. Tadeiyon, B. Soleimani
Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Conservatism: The Evidence from Iran

Abstract: This research is intended to study the relationship between Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Conservatism in companies which have accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this paper, Conservatism is the dependent variable that for the measuring of it, the Givoly and Hayn (2000) model is used. Corporate Governance Mechanisms such as independent outside directors on the board (OBD), percentage of institutional ownership (PIO), ownership centralization (OC), free float (FF) and auditor type (AT) are also considered as the independent variables. In this study, the numbers of 130 firm-year observations were investigated during the period 2003-2009.

Keywords: Corporate Governance Mechanisms, Conservatism, Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)

Pages: 592-600

       Changiz Valmohammadi, Mandana Khodapanahi
The impact of ISO 9001:2000 implementation on employees’ job satisfaction: A case study

Abstract: This paper seeks to examine employees’ perceptions of ISO 9001 practices and its impact on job satisfaction within a food company located in north of Iran. Despite extensive research on ISO 9001 practices, none examines this scope of investigative study. Therefore, the proposed model was developed with the intention of examining this relationship. The paper proposes a main hypothesis and 4 sub-hypotheses and tests on the relationship between ISO9001:2000 practices and job satisfaction.

Keywords: Food industry, Iran, multiple regression analysis, quality management

Pages: 601-609

       Manuel Coelho, José António Filipe, Manuel Alberto M. Ferreira
Environmental sustainability as a dimension of corporate social responsibility: The case of CGD – Caixa Geral Depósitos / Portugal

Abstract: According to the 2001 European Commission Green Paper, Social Responsibility conceptualization is associated with the idea of companies deciding, in a voluntary base, to contribute for a fair society and a cleaner environment. The tradition of social intervention in Portugal remounts to the century XV and the foundation of the Mercies. However, environmental goals were never proposed as fundamental objectives in the positioning of corporate social responsibility, given the delay of the industrial development.

Keywords: Social Responsibility, Sustainable Development, Environmental Sustainability, Finance sector, CGD/Portugal

Pages: 610-617

       Ali Shadrokh, Hassan Pazira
Estimation of parameters of the exponentiated gamma distribution in the presence of outlier

Abstract: This paper deals with the estimation of parameters of the Exponentiated Gamma (EG) distribution with presence of one outlier. The maximum likelihood and moment of the estimators are derived. These estimators are compared empirically using Monte Carlo simulation when all the parameters are unknown. There bias and MSE are investigated with help of numerical technique.

Keywords:Exponentiated Gamma distribution, Maximum Likelihood Estimator, Moment Estimator, Outlier, Monte-Carlo simulation.

Pages: 618-625

       Asif Naveed Ranjha, Muhammad Imran Yousuf, Muhammad Sarwar
An empirical study of socio-political aspects of women councilors under Pakistan local government

Abstract: The local government system provided a chance of greater women representation in political matters of Pakistan. After selection as women councillors, they had to face various problems. This research paper explores the social and political status and problems of such newly elected councilors and to examine socio-political background of elected women, provision of training, attitudes of community, attitude of political colleagues and suggestions for improvement and sustainability of women participation in local government.

Keywords: Socio-political, Political participation, Women councilors, Local government

Pages: 626-630

       Malik Amer Atta, Asif Jamil, Muhammad Ayaz, Jalil-ur-Rehamn Baloch
Comparative study of in-service promoted and directly selected subject specialists regarding classroom management at higher secondary school level

Abstract: Prime objective of the study was to compare classroom management skill of promoted in-service and directly selected subject specialists of higher secondary schools. Subject specialists appointed by the provincial public service commission were referred as selected subject specialists. Promoted subject specialists were the secondary school teachers (SST) working in BPS-16 and promoted as subject specialists after acquiring master degree in education and M.A/MSc. Sixteen higher secondary schools were randomly selected from four districts including Dera Ismail Khan, Lakki Marwat, Bannu and Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa, Pakistan.

Keywords: classroom management, higher secondary schools, secondary school teachers

Pages: 631-637

       Muhammad Ajmal, Hafiz M. Hamidullah, Fazalur Rahman, Basharat Ali Khan
Course book evaluation through instructional design parameters in the system of distance education

Abstract: The focus of the paper was to report the findings of the study examining course book design at the Allama Iqbal Open University, Pakistan. It was an evaluation study conducted through a questionnaire. The data collected from 7 tutors and fifty students enrolled in the course literacy and mass education in semester spring 2009. The tutors and students found book according to their needs. However, the study recommended revising the course book according to the emerging trends of instructional design.

Keywords: Course book evaluation; instructional design, distance education

Pages: 638-644

       Nabila Kausar, Almas Kiani
An empirical study of prevalent ratio of drug addiction among the students at higher secondary level

Abstract: Drug abuse is hazardous and known to be prevalent among young adults, warranting efforts to increase awareness about harmful effects and to change attitudes. This study was conducted to assess the prevalent drug addiction activities at higher secondary level in district Islamabad, Pakistan, a predominantly Muslim country. This study to develop a check list of drugs using by students at higher secondary level, second is to find out the different stimuli and factors causing drug addiction, third is to see the role of teachers and heads in controlling the trends of drug addiction, fourth is to analyze the present curricula in the context of drug education.

Keywords: empirical study, drug addiction, prevalent ratio, higher secondary, students

Pages: 645-651

       Safdar Rehman Ghazi, Saqib Shahzad, Gulap Shahzada, Uzma Syeda Gillani
Job satisfaction of head teachers for the selected twenty dimensions of job

Abstract: The purpose of this study was twofold. First, the study was to document facet-specific levels of job satisfaction of the head teachers as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Secondly, the influence of four selected demographic characteristics on twenty facets of job satisfaction was investigated. The mean scores for the 20 dimensions of job were ranged from “Slightly Satisfied” to “Very Satisfied”. Compensation, Working Conditions, Social Status, and School System Policies and Practices ranked the lowest in the hierarchy respectively, which indicates that the head teachers found to be “Slightly Satisfied” with these dimensions of job. Results based on this study provide a sufficient ground to frame the recommendations for Compensation, Working conditions, Social Status, and School System Policies and Practices.

Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Job Dimensions, Job Facets, Teacher Satisfaction, Head Teacher, Satisfaction

Pages: 652-655

       Shahinshah Babar Khan, Saeed-ul-Hasan Chishti
Learners’ errors: supporting learners for participating in mathematics’ classroom

Abstract: In learning a new concept, students do many types of errors. Some errors are due to lack of basic knowledge and some are due understanding of a particular subject. Mathematics holds special place among different subjects at school level. Many hopes and desires are attached with learning of mathematics. It is expected that learning of mathematics will affect the performance in other subjects. In addition, mathematics’ understanding, furnished life with ease and improve the cognitive domains which ultimately help in different practical situations.

Keywords: learners’ errors, classroom

Pages: 656-659

       Masood Sarwar Awan, Nouman Malik, Haroon Sarwar, Muhammad Waqas
Impact of education on poverty reduction

Abstract: Poverty is a stumbling block in the way of achieving economic development. Cognizant of the essence of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and ‘Education for All’ program, education is promulgated as the primary weapon against poverty prevalence. Hence it is important to seek out the effect of different levels of education upon poverty in Pakistan. This study evaluates the effect of different levels of education, experience and gender of the employed individuals (employers, self-employed, wage earners and unpaid family workers) as the determinants of poverty.

Keywords: Poverty, Education, Pakistan

Pages: 660-665

       Zulfiqar Ali Cheema, Sheikh Tariq Mahmood, Azhar Mahmood, Makhdoom Ali Shah
Conceptual awareness of research scholars about plagiarism at higher education level: intellectual property right and patent

Abstract: Due to unawareness about intellectual property laws, researchers very often became a victim of plagiarism. Research has proved that plagiarism is a common factor among the students and it is due to unawareness of plagiarism. Sometimes it is intentionally and sometimes it unintentionally. Purpose of the present study was to find out the conceptual awareness of research students about plagiarism through different aspects. For this purpose a descriptive study was conducted.

Keywords: plagiarism, Intellectual Property Rights, Conceptual Awareness, Higher Education, Research scholars

Pages: 666-671

       Fatemeh Mosazadeh-Sayadmahaleh, Yusef Esmaeilzadeh-Estakhrbijar, Ghassem Habibi Bibalani
Simile and Metaphor of Daffodil (Narcissus spp.) in poems by Hafez

Abstract: Simile and Metaphor Application of Daffodil in poems by Hafez is being studied in this paper. Narcissus is the botanic name for a genus of mainly hardy, mostly spring-flowering, bulbs in the Amaryllis family native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia. There are also several Narcissus species that bloom in the autumn, Daffodil is a common English name of this plant. Khwaja Samsu d-Din Muḥammad Hafez-e Sirazi, known by his pen name Hafez (1315–1390) was a Persian lyric poet. Daffodil has been used at 44 poetry lines that at 32 lines used this plant in Metaphor and at 5 lines used in Simile. Daffodil has been used for Metaphor for eye (in 11 lines), Eye Femme (in 5 lines), Drunken Eyes (in 12 lines) and Beautiful eyes (in 4 lines). Daffodil has been used for Simile for eye (in 3 lines), eye and lamp (in one line) and cup (in one line).

Keywords: Daffodil, Narcissus, Simile, Metaphor, Hafez

Pages: 672-678

       Azizeh Khanchobani
Adjective modification of the head noun in English and Persian Languages

Abstract: Some modifiers in a complex nouns phrase give information about the headword. These modifiers are divided into two parts: premodifiers and postmodifiers .Among them there are adjectives that can premodifiers or post modify the head noun. Descriptive adjectives that premodify the head noun are of two kinds: coordinated ordered adjectives and subordinated ones. This paper investigates the descriptive adjectives that premodify the head noun in a complex noun phrase in English and Persian languages. These adjectives mostly post modify the head noun in Persian complex noun phrases. A contrastive study shows that unlike some shared points in two languages, there are some controversies. These differences cause some problems for all those working and studying in two languages as foreign or second languages.

Keywords: English language-Persian language-Coordinated ordering-subordinated ordering-complex noun phrases-Adjective modification.

Pages: 679-685

       V.H. Hasanov, S.Z. Mammadova, R.H. Aslanova, E.R. Nuriyev
Soil-ecological characteristics and diagnostic of mountain-forest dark brown soil and alluvial-meadow soils in the Goygol National park, Azerbaijan

Abstract: The article is devoted to learn diagnostics and morphostructure of mountain-forest brown soils and alluvialmeadow soils spread in the Göygöl National Park which is first nature reserve (in 1925 year) of the Azerbaijan Republic. Providing of accumulative fertility layer of earth with humus, exceeding of fulvoacids in fraction content of humus from humin acids, element content of humin acids were defined. Common chemical content of soil and especially comparison of SiO₂:R₂O₃ (4,0-4,3) show the characteristics of subtropical soil production process and internal soil erosion.

Keywords: humin, fulvo, decolsinat

Pages: 691-697

       H. Shadkami, Gh. Habibi Bibalani
Over ground biomass characterics of genera single species Iran (Cnicus Benedictus) in northwest Iran (till area of shabestar)

Abstract: Changing rangelands to agricultural lands and irregular grazing mad some problems such as decreasing plant variety, decreasing under-over ground plant biomass at Till village and because of this, soil stability decreased by vegetal Species. In this research we have studied part of biologic characterize of genera single Species such as stem height, over ground of plant biomass in Till pasture from Shabestar township. Results of this showed that in studying area stem height Cnicus Benedictus was unsteady from 4 - 29mm, that in average it is about 11.41mm, respectively, the max, min and average over ground of plant biomass in studying area 5.29, 0.70, .0.82 gr/m².

Keywords: Cnicus Benedictus, Genera single Species, over ground biomass

Pages: 698-701

       V.B. Patil, S.S. Kamble
The influence of ultraviolet light on antagonistic activity of Trichoderma koningii against Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot of sweet potato

Abstract: UV treatments of different time variables to Trichoderma koningii Oudem., antagonistic against carbendazim sensitive and resistant Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid causing charcoal rot of sweet potato yielded five T. koningii mutants. Among these five mutants UV Trichoderma koningii-2 showed maximum antagonistic activity against the charcoal rot pathogen when tested by dual culture technique.

Keywords: carbendazim, dual culture, Macrophomina phaseolina, mutants, Trichoderma koningii, UV light

Pages: 702-704

       Ghassem Habibi Bibalani
Investigation on Persian Orange root growth in first tree years

Abstract: Vegetation Roots is been used for slope stability and Cause stability force versus failure that improve slope instability. For this purpose, whatever the root growth rate is much more for trees in Initial three-year growth can Cause Faster soil stability improvement. This study looked at North Iran for determination root biomass growing in Initial three-year growth seedling of Orange. Data available for 1-, 2- and 3-year-old Persian Orange seedlings indicate that rate of seedling root biomass growth was about 0.09, 0.62 and 2.55 gr for 1, 2 and 3- year-old, respectively.

Keywords: Persian Orange, root growth, Iran, Vegetation Roots

Pages: 705-707

       Ghassem Habibi Bibalani
Investigation on Prunus avium root growth in first tree years

Abstract: Vegetation Roots is been used for slope stability and Cause stability force versus failure that improve slope instability. For this purpose, whatever the root growth rate is much more for trees in Initial three-year growth can Cause Faster soil stability improvement. This study looked at North Iran for determination root biomass growing in Initial three-year growth seedling of Prunus avium. Data available for 1-, 2- and 3-year-old Prunus avium seedlings indicate that rate of seedling root biomass growth was about 1, 1.57 and 3.5 gr for 1, 2 and 3- year-old, respectively.

Keywords: Prunus avium, root growth, Iran, Vegetation Roots

Pages: 708-710

       S.A. Ibrahim, Hanan S. Siam, M.A. Rashad, Sh.Sh. Holah, S.T. Abou Zeid
Influence of soil moisture regimes on some nutrients concentration in soil solution collected from different soils through the growth period of rice plants

Abstract: Pot experiment was performed in the greenhouse of the National Research centre, Cairo, Egypt, to study the effect of soil moisture regimes,M₁, M₂ and M₃ (irrigated every 4, 6 and 8 days respectively) on some nutrients concentration in soil solutions collected from soils differ in their texture and fertility levels, through the growth period of rice plants. Each pot received a basic dressing of 11.5 KgN as urea (46% N), 3.75 Kg P₂O₅ as superphosphate (15.5% P₂O₅) and 13 kg K₂O as potassium sulphate (48% K₂O).

Keywords: Submerged, moisture regimes, soil texture, nutrients concentration, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese fertility level

Pages: 711-719

       Mona A. M. Soliman, Iman Kh. Abbas, Salah El-Khatieb
Statistical evaluation of irrigation optimization on barley crop yield and water use efficiency

Abstract: Two field experiments were conducted in 2008/09 and 2009/10 growing seasons at Mahmoud Yassin Farm in Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Egypt. The aim of the experiment was to determine the response of the yield of three barley hulled cultivars (Giza 123, Giza 124 and Giza 125) to two irrigation amounts (high amount equivalent to 2250 m³/fed and low amount equivalent to 1500 m³/fed) and their water use efficiency.

Keywords: Barley cultivars, irrigation optimization, water use efficiency, sprinkler irrigation, correlation coefficients and prediction equations.

Pages: 720-726

       Edijatno, Nadjadji Anwar, Very Dermawan
Physical hydraulic model investigation of flow and energy dissipation on smooth and stepped spillway with steep slope

Abstract: A physical hydraulic model investigation was conducted to evaluate the performance of Dawuan weir at Situbondo-East Java, that is a standard spillway with 72° slope (smooth spillway), compare with stepped spillway design. The stepped spillway has 72° slope with 32 steps that it cut into the surface of spillway from the crest to the toe. This paper presents the results of the experimental studies on spillway of 72° and to find out the hydraulic jump conditions at smooth spillway and stepped spillway with 32 steps. Hydraulic model of smooth and stepped spillway implemented at laboratory with 100 cm high, 30 cm wide, and 5 variations of flow rates. It was found that for the stepped spillway with 32 steps could reduce the length of hydraulic jump about 47.61%. The percentage of energy loss of stepped spillway was approximately 92.59%.

Keywords: Smooth Spillway, Stepped Spillway, Hydraulic Jump

Pages: 727-731

       Nadjadji Anwar, Edijatno, Very Dermawan
Characteristics of the hydraulic jump on serial drops

Abstract: A hydraulic model investigation is conducted to evaluate the performance of drop structure with serial drops. The serial drops had 45° slope that would compare with single drop structure. This paper presents the results of the experimental studies on serial drops structure of 45° and to find out the hydraulic jump conditions at serial drops structure with 4 and 2 drops. Hydraulic model of drop structure conducted at laboratory with 100 cm high, 30 cm wide, and 5 variations of flow rates. The number of drops significantly increases the flow depth at downstream of serial drops, y₂. The 2 serial drops increase y₂ approximately 18.72% and 4 serial drops increase y2 about 19.81%.

Keywords: Hydraulic Jump, Drop Structure

Pages: 732-736

       A.R. Karimi, N. Mehrdadi, S.J. Hashemian, Gh.R. Nabi-Bidhendi, R. Tavakkoli-Moghaddam
Using of the fuzzy topsis and fuzzy ahp methods for wastewater treatment process selection

Abstract: Selection of the wastewater treatment process is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. The conventional methods for process selection are inadequate for dealing with the imprecise or vague nature of linguistic assessment. To overcome this difficulty, fuzzy MCDM methods are proposed. The aim of this study is to use the fuzzy order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods, as wellknown tools in MCDM, for selection of the treatment process.

Keywords: Fuzzy TOPSIS; Fuzzy AHP; MCDM; Anaerobic wastewater treatment process; Industrial estates.

Pages: 737-745

       Orang Esteghamat
Urban waste and environmental problems in North of Iran with emphasis on the conversion of waste into vermi compost

Abstract: Rapidly expanding urban population alongside of industrial expansion has given rise to consumption and consequently production of dry waste which caused severe health and environmental complications, specifically within capital cities that in default of proper management would lead to major crises in human societies. With regard to the feasibility of waste recycling, a research has been done on the recycling process in Caspian coastal provinces. Recently, the issue of waste disposal in north of Iran has turned into an environmental predicament in addition to destruction and erosion of myriads of the northern forest.

Keywords: Compost, Urban Waste, Recycling, North of Iran

Pages: 746-752

       Mohammad Rashed Mohajery nav, Orang Esteghamat
Studying the effect of energy and protein levels on growth and economic yield of male Talesh calves

Abstract: Taleshi cattle, is one of the Iranian's native breeds and raising in the western-north of Gilan state. There is about 800000 heeds of native cattle in this region and about 98% of them is Taleshi Cattle. Those male calves have a good performance, thus, their rearing and fattening had an important role in rural's economics.

Keywords: Fattening, energy and protein

Pages: 753-757

       Derya Elmali Şen, Reyhan Midilli Sari, Süleyman Özgen, Nimet Candaş Kahya, Ayşe Sağsöz
The settlements that new black sea coastal road could not damage the identity: Tirebolu, Konakönü, Sarayköy/in Turkey

Abstract: Tirebolu, Konakönü and Sarayköy are the settlements that keep their coast and historical texture and reflect the identity of East Blacksea by to be passed the road from South. In this context Tirebolu with its castle, monuments, traditional houses and beaches, Konakönü and Sarayköy with their traditional houses and natural beaches become more important in the region. But it is not enough to be rescued from the coastal damage of KSY to provide the sustainability of urban and natural identities of these settlements. Authorities should be take measures to protect and keep alive the areas having these features. Otherwise it is inevitable that the settlements to become old and out of use and dissappear in time.

Keywords: Tirebolu, Konakönü, Sarayköy, Turkey, Blacksea

Pages: 758-769

       Akram Farouk
Futuristic view for operating airports projects in Egypt

Abstract: The end of twentieth century witnessed the change of governmental role in infrastructure projects; it changed its role to supervisor on infrastructure projects implemented by private sector through different methodologies of privatization in infrastructure projects. Infrastructure projects all over the world faced a lot of problems that led to increase of private sector participation in such projects.

Keywords: BOT Projects, Egypt, Infrastructure Projects, Development Countries, Privatized airport, Marsa Alam Airport, Al Alamein Airport.

Pages: 770-779

       Reyhan Midili Sari, Derya Elmali Şen, Selda Al, Nimet Candaş Kahya, Ayşe Sağsöz
The effects of traditions, customs and beliefs on architectural design: the example of Turkey

Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine how traditions, customs and beliefs have affected the formation of the Turkish house. With this purpose in mind, the units in the traditional Turkish house which were affected were determined as the mass structure and courtyard, harem-selamlik (women’s quarters-men’s quarters), room and sofa, and evaluations were made in terms of these units. The sample houses that were used in our evaluations were selected in such a way as to represent the whole country. In the second part of the study, we investigated these effects on today’s houses. When we look at today’s houses we can say that they didn’t reflect in the present day the success of the houses in the past.

Keywords: human factors, environmental impact, user behaviour, social design, tradition

Pages: 780-792

       Tohid Hatami Khanghahi, Parisa Yazdan panah Abdolmaleki
An overview of the Iranian vernacular architecture with particular reference to the air traps

Abstract: As scientists we tend to view technology as a scientific system but in fact the success of a particular technology at a particular time may rest less on its efficient performance and more on its 'social' relevance and impact. We now need to identify sustainable design investments for a very uncertain future of expanding populations, scarcer resources and climate change.

Keywords: Vernacular Architecture, Air Traps, Iran, Natural Ventilation, Sustainable Solutions.

Pages: 793-799

       Farah Habib, Mohsen Sartipipour, Seyed Amirhossein Garakani, Fatemeh Rahimbakhsh
Investigating the application of DSS method for architects in Iranian rural areas (A case tested in Baba-Pashman village, Lorestan province)

Abstract: Numerous participatory methods and tools have emphasized on development of rural areas but few have considered aspects of settlement in these regions. This study explores a number of such tools designed for Iranian experts working in the field of rural housing. The author first introduces a number of elements related to the effective participation of local inhabitants and then describes the tools themselves.

Keywords: DSS Method, Architects, Rural Areas, Iran, Baba-Pashman Village

Pages: 800-807

       Ali Shadrokh, Asghar Abdolrazaghi
Estimation of the parameters of the truncated Pareto distribution

Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to find the maximum likelihood estimators and the maximum of conditional likelihood for all the parameters of the truncated Pareto distribution and also Bayes estimation of shape parameter of this distribution for the impure prior density function under different loss functions. Also, the beg estimator is introduced. At the end, with the help of simulation, these obtained estimators will be compared.

Keywords: maximum likelihood, maximum of conditional likelihood, Truncated Pareto distribution, Bayes estimation, impure, loss functions, Beg estimator, simulation.

Pages: 808-816

       H. Mostafaei, L. Sakhabakhsh
Modeling and Forecasting of OPEC Oil Prices with ARFIMA Model

Abstract: The classical approach to modeling economic series is to apply the Box-Jenkins approach of ARMA or ARIMA depending on whether the series is stationary or non-stationary. If such series exhibits long memory property, forecasts values based on ARIMA model may not be reliable. In this paper, we study the long-term memory of OPEC oil prices using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method, establish ARFIMA model for it. The results indicate that the best model is ARFIMA (2,0.34,3) which is used to predict the oil prices in OPEC.

Keywords: Long memory; ARFIMA; detrended fluctuation analysis

Pages: 817-822

       Diego D. Navarra
Towards a theory to research and study global information and communication technology programmes

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to develop the theoretical framework for the research and study of global information and communication technology (ICT) programmes both as an emic as well as etic phenomenon. These programmes project a distinctive conceptualization of how ICT is implicated in the blurring and re-shaping of the boundaries of the state, the establishment of new local and global institutional regimes, and in offering new modalities of governance. Based on relevant information systems, public administration and institutional economics research, the paper argues that a multidisciplinary understanding for the theoretical study of such programmes is needed in order to explore them as a mean of technology transfer and to better understand systems of innovation in the developing world for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.

Keywords: information and communication technology, Millennium Development Goals, global ICT programmes

Pages: 823-834

       A. Selvarasu, José António Filipe, C. Kathiravan, Manuel Alberto M. Ferreira, Maria I. C. Pedro
A Research on Sustainable Competitive Positional Advantage of English Dailies in Tamilnadu (India)

Abstract: The aim of this study is to identify and to describe the sustainable competitive positional advantage of various English Dailies in Tamilnadu (India) in general. Cost leaderships (price) and the differentiations based on demographics, psychographics, reading activity, opinion and interest are particularly considered. In order to reach this scope a theory of sustainable competitive positional advantage is proposed, in the context of print media in India.

Keywords: Sustainable Competitive Positional Advantage, Cost Leadership, Differentiation, Strategies, Motivators, Inhibitors.

Pages: 835-842

       Teck-Chai Lau
Ethical beliefs amongst Malaysian consumers: a look at demographic indicators

Abstract: This paper is an exploratory study on the influence of demographic factors of gender, age and educational level on consumer ethical beliefs. The result reveals that female consumers are more ethical in consumer ethics dimension of benefiting from questionable activities. As for age group, older consumers are more ethical in benefiting from questionable activities and no harm/ no foul dimensions. Those who are in the 30-44 age group is more likely to support recycling / doing good initiatives. In the case of educational level, consumers who possess undergraduate or postgraduate degrees are more ethical than those having only secondary education in three of the four consumer ethics dimension. The implications and limitations of the study were subsequently discussed.

Keywords: Consumer ethics, gender, age, education, Malaysian consumers.

Pages: 843-847

       Zeyad M. Alfawaer, Mohammad Awni, Saleem Al-Zoubi
Mobile e-ticketing reservation system for Amman international stadium in Jordan

Abstract: This research introduces a Mobile E-Ticketing system for Amman International Stadium in Jordan to provide the crowed with an E-ticket for watching matches without losing time and effort. Fans usually buy the tickets manually from shops or out the gats of the stadium, this process tiresome because the huge number of the crowd, as it would take long time to wait in lines, choose the match time and seat, and the most disappointing is reaching the stadium and cannot get tickets.

Keywords: E-ticket, mobile booking, m-commerce, prototype, reservation, M-Ticketing.

Pages: 848-852

       H.R. Vakili Fard , H. Nikoomaram, S. Jabbarzadeh kangarluei, A. Bayazidi
The investigation of the relationship between earnings management and conservatism in accounting system of Iran

Abstract: This research aims to study the relationship between earnings management and conservatism in Accounting System of Iran. For measuring of Conservatism (CSVM) is used Givoly and Hayn (2000) model and to calculate of earnings management is applied jones model (1991). In this research, 490 year-firms in during 2003- 2009 have been investigated.

Keywords: Earnings management (EM), Total accruals (TACC), Discretionary accruals (DAC), Nondiscretionary accruals (NDACC), Conservatism (CSVM) and Accounting system of Iran.

Pages: 853-860

       Karanikolas Nikolaos, Vagiona Dimitra, Xifilidou Agapi
Real estate values and environment: A case study on the effect of the environment on residential real estate values

Abstract: This paper surveys the main issues in literature on real estate market and environment. The real estate business is one of the basic economic sectors in the world. However, it is world-wide accepted that the real estate market is affected and formed not only by economic and productive factors, but, also, by various qualitative characteristics of the natural and human environment, in which each real estate activity is performed.

Keywords: Real estate market values, natural and social environment, natural disasters

Pages: 861-868

       Maria I.C. Pedro, José António Filipe, Manuel Alberto M. Ferreira
Resource theory and the franchising internationalization intention

Abstract: Franchising is a concept that has grown in importance both economically and as a research topic. It has been considered one of the most used topics by retail companies to internationalize. The theory based on resources explains the internationalization of franchising systems as a function of resources owned by the company (resources they have before beginning the process of internationalization), needed jointly with the factor “experience”, and considered enough to enable companies to deal with in the international market. According to the resource theory it is necessary to highlight the development of internal resources before franchisor starts the internationalization.

Keywords: Franchising, Agency resource, Internationalization, Organizational theory, Entrepreneurship

Pages: 869-873

       Changiz Valmohammadi
An empirical research on the relation between IT and TQM Practices

Abstract: This paper is to develop a framework to be used on how information technology (IT) can support total quality management practices in the Iranian manufacturing organizations. Based on eng. et al. research, in order to measure the extent to which IT supports TQM practices, the construct” TQM supported by information technology” was operationalized.

Keywords: Total quality management, Information technology, Iranian national Productivity and Excellence Award, Iran

Pages: 874-880

       Aimilia Voulvouli
Grassroots mobilisation in Turkey: The transnational character of local environmental protests

Abstract: The present work constitutes an analysis of environmental protests in Turkey. Based on 18 months of fieldwork my research suggests that globalisation, through economic liberalisation and media globalisation has affected Turkish activism. Turkish environmental groups are globally informed organisations - through the changes in information technology, world order and the challenge to national sovereignty (Williams 2003) - and are themselves part of, what Hannerz (1996) calls, ‘global interconnectedness’.

Keywords: Turkey, Environmental Protests, Transnationalism, ASG, Bergama protest, The İlisu Dam Case, The Akkuyu Resistance

Pages: 881-888

       Mukhtar Senggirbay
Main approaches to the definition of ethnic conflict

Abstract: The article touches the major theoretical approaches in definition of the ethnic conflict in political sciences, providing theories of American, European, Russian and Kazakhstani experts. It briefly observes the first theses and the development of ethnic conflict theory, emphasizing on the differences between Soviet and Western approaches to the problem, which resulted in dramatic tension and bloodshed in the territory of former Soviet Union. The goal of the research is to compare the main approaches to the theory of ethnic conflict and to provide its own vision of the topic, taking into account the current ethnicity-based tensions and apprehension in the region, including Kazakhstan, the home country of the author.

Keywords: ethnic conflict, Kazakhstani experts

Pages: 889-892

       Chi-Sing Li, Yu-Fen Lin, Yung-Lien Lai, Daniel Eckstein, Bill Mullener
A research study of student teachers implementing classroom encouragement

Abstract: Encouragement is a process whereby one focuses on an individual’s resources in order to build that person’s self-esteem, self-confidence and feelings of worth. Encouragement involves focusing on any resource that can be turned into an asset or strength. Dreikurs (1981) said that humans need encouragement like a plant needs water. He believed that every person with whom one comes in contact feels better or worse depending upon how others behave toward him or her.

Keywords: Personal power, quiet power, Carl Rogers

Pages: 893-898

       E.A. Elizova
Unity of continuity and discontinuity in the humanitarian education

Abstract: The paper discloses the essence of the ‘continuity’ notion within the context of its relation to the discontinuity. Revealing the continual logics as the logics of sense the author uses mathematical Bayes’ theorem for the modern humanitarian education on the basis of V. Nalimov’s theory. The theorem discloses the meaning of the semantic field and images represented in the cultural texts.

Keywords: continuity, discontinuity, semantic field, sense, image, humanitarian education

Pages: 899-903

       Hukamdad, Saqib Shahzad, Riasat Ali, Muhammad Zaigham Qadeer, Muhammad Saeed Khan
Comparison of teachers' and students' views on the use of behaviour modification techniques at secondary level

Abstract: This research article aimed at comparing of teachers' and students' views on the use of behaviour modification techniques at secondary level. All the teachers serving and students studying in government secondary schools of Punjab were constituted as the population of the study. A sample of one thousand teachers and students were randomly selected in such a way that the proportion of rural and urban, boys and girls secondary school teachers was fifty fifty.

Keywords: comparing of teachers' and students', behaviour modification techniques, secondary level

Pages: 904-908

       Aijaz Ahmed Gujjar, Naeemullah Bajwa, Ghazala Shaheen
Comparison of student’s learning achievements in mathematics over a period of three years (Grade 8 to Grade 10)

Abstract: The main purpose of the study was to compare the achievements of the students, over a period of three years, from grade 8 to grade 10 in the subject of Mathematics. To achieve the desired end, 40 female students were selected as sample that got admission in school and passed their matriculation exam (Grade 10) from the selected school. Their marks in the subject of Mathematics were taken which they had achieved over a period of three years from grade 8 to grade 10 and analyzed by calculating mean and applying paired sample t-test and ANOVA.

Keywords: achievements, mathematics, declined, trend

Pages: 909-916

       Eno Etudor-Eyo, Ime E. Emah, Grace K. Etuk, Ijeoma A. Archibong
Assessing the quality of educational research in Nigeria

Abstract: The study assessed the quality of educational research in Nigeria in terms of context, process and product. The ex-post facto design was used and 53 research reports selected from 7 national educational journals were assessed by 106 research experts. The research instrument was a six-point rating scale with 0.83 reliability index.

Keywords: educational research, academic development, Nigeria

Pages: 917-924

       Javed Mustafa
Proposing a model for integration of social issues in school curriculum

Abstract: This paper reviews various types of curriculum integration models in general as well as in science and mathematics education. In light of these models a new five points model of integration called transitional model of integration is presented with examples. This model is designed for science education more specifically for mathematics education. However it is not confined to these areas and can also be utilized for other subjects in the school curriculum. The model focuses on the integration of social issues in school curriculum without addition of other subjects and changing the time schedule of the school. In this model the knowledge about social issues can be imparted to the children through teaching different subjects using subservient and thematic approach of integration.

Keywords: Curriculum integration, Integration models, science, social issues

Pages: 925-931

       Fazalur Rahman, Nabi Bux Jumani, Ghulam Dastgeer, Saeed ul Hasan Chishti, Shaheen Ashraf Tahirkheli
Problem based learning in English language classes at secondary level

Abstract: This paper reported some of the findings of a study conducted on the use of problem based learning in the English language class at secondary level. It was descriptive study conducted in secondary schools of Islamabad. The population of the study included 62 secondary school teachers involved in teaching of English. Data was collected through questionnaire. The study found that teachers were well aware about problem based learning and its procedure. However, it was used seldom in the classroom. The study concluded a comprehensive training in the use of this technique in the classroom.

Keywords: Problem based learning, English teaching, Secondary school teaching

Pages: 932-939

       Safqat Hussain, Saeed Anwar, Muhammad Iqbal Majoka
Effect of peer group activity-based learning on students’ academic achievement in physics at secondary level

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ‘peer group activity-based Learning’ on academic achievement of secondary schools students in the subject of physics. In this study, an achievement test (pre-test/ post-test) covering seven chapters was used as measuring instrument. Depending upon pre-test scores, 88 science students of 10^th class were divided into two equal groups (n=44) named as experimental group and control group.

Keywords: Peer group instruction, activity-based learning, academic achievement

Pages: 940-944

       Saqib Shahzad, Riasat Ali, Hukamdad, Sanaullah Khan
Impact of heads’ planning skill on students’ academic achievement

Abstract: Planning is the life blood of any enterprise. Education is the preparation of future generation for shouldering responsibilities of life. This gigantic task is impossible without proper planning. Planning is the conceptual skill of management whereby, future strategy is established, and alternatives are devised in order to divert attention to another alternative if the first one fails to get goals. The main objectives are: 1) to compare the managerial skill of planning of the heads on the variables of school type, designation, qualification total experience and experience in the present school. 2) To explore the impact of managerial skill of planning on students achievement. The researcher recommends that training in planning skills should be given to all heads to have effective school management and better students’ achievements.

Keywords: planning, education, students’ achievements

Pages: 945-949

       Qaisara Parveen, Sheikh Tariq Mahmood, Azhar Mahmood, Manzoor Arif
Effect of cooperative learning on academic achievement of 8th grade students in the subject of social studies

Abstract: The study was designed to explore the effect of cooperative learning on academic achievement of 8^th grade students in the subject of social studies. It was hypothesized that there is significant difference between mean posttest achievement score of the experimental group and mean achievement score of the control group. The pretest posttest control group design was chosen for the experiment.

Keywords: cooperative learning, academic achievement

Pages: 950-954

       M. Saeed Khan, Shaukat Hussain, Riasat Ali, M. Iqbal Majoka, Muhammad Ramzan
Effect of cooperative learning on academic achievement of 8th grade students in the subject of social studiesEffect of inquiry method on achievement of students in chemistry at secondary level

Abstract: This study was designed to see the effect of inquiry-based instruction as a supplementing strategy on the academic achievement of secondary school students in the subject of chemistry. The major objectives of the study were: to find out the relative effects of inquiry based instruction as supplementing strategy on the academic achievement in chemistry and to explore the difference between treatment effects on the students of high and low intelligence. The study was experimental in nature. Obtained data were analyzed by applying t-test. Findings show the supremacy of inquiry approach.

Keywords: Inquiry approach, student centered, supplementary strategy, Chemistry

Pages: 955-959

       Riasat Ali, Siqa Iqbal, Saqib Shahzad, M. Zaigham Qadeer, Umar Ali Khan
Use of reinforcement practices in the educational institutions and its impacts on student motivation

Abstract: The major purpose of this study was to identify positive and negative reinforcement practices in the educational institutions. It was a descriptive study. Check list was used as tool of the study and collected was analyzed by applying t-test. Result shows that use of reinforcement practices enrich the motivation of the students. Urban teachers’ attitude towards students in the form various reinforcement practices is more positive as compared to the rural teachers.

Keywords: Learning, Motivation, Positive Reinforcement, Negative reinforcement

Pages: 960-963

       Muhammad Sarwar, Muhammad Imran Yousuf, Asif Naveed Ranjha
Usefulness and level of interest in Pakistan national curriculum subjects: secondary school students’ perceptions

Abstract: The study aimed to observe the perceptions of secondary school students in respect of interest and usefulness toward National Curriculum Subjects being studied by them at 9^th and 10^th grades, known as Pakistan National Curriculum Year Groups (PNCYG-9 and PNCYG-10). The purposive sampling technique was used and a sample of 100 students (56 boys, 44 girls) was selected from both years’ groups in a way that 21 students from PNCY-9 and 79 students from PNCYG-10 were selected among sample. An amended form of questionnaire by Wakefield and Pumfrey (2009) was used as tool of research. The data was collected for 13 PNC subjects and categorized on usefulness rating scale and interest scale ratings towards these subjects. Students as whole perceived PNC subjects as both useful and interesting although girls were more positive about their subjects than boys.

Keywords: Pakistan National Curriculum; policy and practice; decision-making; students’ voice; gender.

Pages: 964-969

       Saqib Shahzad, Riasat Ali, Muhammad Zaighem Qadeer, Hukamdad, Muhammad Saeed Khan
Community attitude towards female education

Abstract: Education is basic right of each individual. Provision of educational facilities to all its masses is the obligation of society. In social perspective of the society, education is directly related to the development of the society. Females are the half population of the country. If we can not educate this youth part of our population, we can not develop our country on sound bases. The major purpose of the study was to investigate the community attitude towards female education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Keywords: Social perspective, Community attitude, Basic right.

Pages: 970-973

       Shaukat Hayat, Ibraheem Khattak, Azhar Mahmood, Shazia Zameer
A Comparative study of Credibility of Examinations conducted by Boards of Intermediate & Secondary Education and Educational Testing and Evaluation Agency in Pakistan

Abstract: The study aims to establish credibility of examinations conducted by Boards of Intermediate & Secondary Education (BISE) and educational testing & evaluation Agency (ETEA) in NWFP. The population of the study consisted of all the Boards of Intermediate & Secondary Education in NWFP and all the intermediate level students who have appeared in both the above-mentioned examinations. The sample of the study was 541 students.

Keywords: Examination System, Achievement, Credibility, Educational Testing

Pages: 974-979

       Iftikhar Hussain Shah, Fazalur Rahman, Muhammad Ajmal, Hafiz M. Hamidullah
Situation analysis of technical education and vocational training: a case study from Pakistan

Abstract: The technical education and vocational training can help individuals to generate income and contribute towards economic growth and social development of a country by acquiring knowledge and skills. This study aimed at analysing the present situation of technical education and vocational training in Punjab, Pakistan. It was survey study. The sample consisted of 100 personnel associated with vocational training program. A questionnaire consisting of 15 items was used to collect primary data. Using OLS technique, this study concludes that the curriculum of TEVT was good but its linkage with industry was found weak and internship was not being properly managed. It was also found that the outgoing students were not ready for job market. On the basis of findings certain recommendation were made.

Keywords: Technical Education, Vocational Training, TEVTA, Pakistan

Pages: 980-984

       Shaukat Hussain, Riasat Ali, M. Saeed Khan, Muhammad Ramzan, M. Zagham Qadeer
Attitude of secondary school teachers towards teaching profession

Abstract: The main aim of study was to measure the attitude of secondary school teachers towards their teaching profession. This study was descriptive in nature. An Attitude Scale Towards Teaching Profession (ASTTP) developed by Hussain (2004), having sixty-six items and four components was administered to the respondents to determine the subjects’ attitude towards teaching profession. All the secondary school teachers, teaching at secondary level in district Multan(Pakistan) constituted the population of the study. Forty secondary schools comprising male and female, rural and urban, and public and private were selected as a sample of the study.

Keywords: Secondary Education, Teacher's Attitude, Teaching Profession, Positive attitude, Rural and Urban, Secondary School Teachers

Pages: 985-990

       Enkelena Shockett (Qafleshi)
Book review: Daniel Gile-"Basic concepts and models for Interpreter and translator training"

Abstract: "Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training" is a textbook written by Daniel Gile and published by John Benjamins Press in year 2009, offers concepts, models, techniques, approaches, as well as tactics, rules and suggestions to deal with translation and interpreting issues theoretically, practically, pedagogically and methodologically.

Keywords: basic concepts, translation

Pages: 991-993

       Fatemeh Mosazadeh-Sayadmahaleh, Yusef Esmaeilzadeh-Estakhrbijar, Ghassem Habibi Bibalani
Study on Application of Viola odorata in poems by Hafez

Abstract: Viola odorata is a species of the genus Viola native to Europe and Asia. It is commonly known as Sweet Violet, English Violet, Common Violet, or Garden Violet. The herb is known as Banafsa, Banafsha or Banaksa in India and Iran. Khwaja Samsu d-Din Muḥammad Hafez-e Sirazi, known by his pen name Hafez (1315–1390) was a Persian lyric poet. Viola odorata has been used at 11 poetry lines that at 6 lines used this plant in Metaphor and at 3 lines used in Simile. This plant has been used for Metaphor for Lip Line (in 1 line), Green line beard (in 1 line), Hair (in 3 lines) and Angel (in 1 line) and has been used for Simile for having head on knee for pain (in 1 line) and hair (in 2 lines).

Keywords: Simile, Metaphor, Viola odorata, poems, Hafez

Pages: 994-999

       Fatemeh Mosazadeh-Sayadmahaleh, Yusef Esmaeilzadeh-Estakhrbijar, Ghassem Habibi Bibalani
Application of Judas tree (Cercis siliquastrum) in poems by Hafez

Abstract: Cercis siliquastrum, commonly known as Judas tree, is a small deciduous tree from Southern Europe and Western Asia which is noted for its prolific display of deep-pink flowers in spring. Khwaja Samsu d-Din Muḥammad Hafez-e Sirazi, known by his pen name Hafez (1315–1390) was a Persian lyric poet. Cercis siliquastrum has been used at 9 poetry lines that at 2 lines used this plant in Metaphor and at 3 lines used in Simile. Judas tree has been used for Metaphor for Flush (in 2 lines). Judas tree has been used for Simile for Red wine (in 3 lines).

Keywords: Simile, Metaphor, Judas Tree, Cercis siliquastrum, poems, Hafez

Pages: 1000-1005

       Ahsan ur Rehman
The Consonant Șād (saad) in Three Qur’anic Chapters Șād, Mary and al a’ra:f

Abstract: This study shows that the Șād prefixed chapters use the radical in different manners and there is a certain affinity of Șād related words and phrases in these chapters which Rehman (2008) established with reference to Alif lam and meem in the six related chapters. The study also shows that all the three chapters mentioned below have a common theme of zikr which is foregrounded. On the other hand, every chapter has an individual angle of zikr such as sabr’ perseverance in chapter Șād, sidq ‘truthfulness in Maryam ‘Mary’ and well wishing characters, al a’raaf, Moreover, the prefixed letter Șād has a role in organization of the three chapters of great Prophets emphasized.

Keywords: Șād, Mary, Al A’raf, Quran

Pages: 1006-1014