Vol. 5. No. 4. July, 2013

   DOI: 10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4



PART A. APPLIED AND NATURAL SCIENCES

1. Kapal Koksalov, Abay Baimukhametov
Formation of lithosphere's plates owing to loss of stability of deformation under the influence of the internal pressure and forces of inertia of rotation

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.1

Abstract: Local changes of thickness of a lithosphere are caused by instability of deformation of an ellipsoidal lithospheric cover of Earth under the influence of the internal pressure and volume forces of inertia of rotation. Stability of deformation is investigated by a Leybenzon-Ishlinsky method. The main stressed and deformed state is considered at an invariable form of border of a body, and revolted taking into account turns of elements of borders of a body in the course of transition to an adjacent form of balance.

Keywords: lithosphere, thinning, thickening, rotation, Earth, tectonic, pressure, stress, deformation, stability

Pages: 5-9

Cite this article:

K. Koksalov, A. Baimukhametov. Formation of lithosphere's plates owing to loss of stability of deformation under the influence of the internal pressure and forces of inertia of rotation. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), 5-9.

2. Pieter Kakisina, Gatot Ciptadi, Rasjad Indra, Sasmito Djati, Sutiman B. Sumitro
Leptin activates mitogen activated protein kinase pathways in goat oocytes through increased ERK expression and concentration, p90 Ribosom s kinase

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.2

Abstract: This study aims to determine the role of leptin on oocyte maturation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway to activate maturation-promoting factor (MPF). Extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK) and protein 90 Ribosom s kinase (p90Rsk) expression was recognized with western blotting, immunofluorescence and Enzyme-Linked Immune-Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The results showed that the expression of ERK and p90Rsk increased along with increasing incubation time. Increased ERK and p90 Rsk expression indicates that leptin activates MAPK pathway through the expression of ERK2 and p90Rsk to activate MPF.

Keywords: ERK, leptin, p90Rsk

Pages:

Cite this article:

P. Kakisina, G. Ciptadi, R. Indra, S. Djati, Sutiman B. Sumitro. Leptin activates mitogen activated protein kinase pathways in goat oocytes through increased ERK expression and concentration, p90 Ribosom s kinase. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

3. Sónia R. Bentes, Rui Menezes, Nuno B. Ferreira
On the asymmetric behaviour of stock market volatility: evidence from three countries

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.3

Abstract: Recent studies showed that asymmetries play a fundamental role in the study stock market volatility. Given its relevance and actuality, we examine the conditional volatility of NIKKEI 225, S&P 500 and STOXX 50 returns, particularly focusing on the asymmetric property of these markets. In order to conduct our analysis we use the symmetric GARCH and the asymmetric EGARCH and GJR-GARCH models. Data set comprises the daily closing prices of the above-mentioned indexes spanning from January 5, 1987 to March 29, 2013. Our findings show that, for all the three index returns considered, the conditional variance is an asymmetric function of the past residuals. Moreover, S&P 500 is the most asymmetric index while STOXX 50 is the less one. There is also evidence of persistency in the return series, which tends to be more pronounced for S&P 500. Thus, since the effects of shocks seem to take longer time to dissipate in the US, we may conclude that this market exhibits less market efficiency than the other markets analyzed.

Keywords: Asymmetries, EGARCH, GJR-GARCH

Pages:

Cite this article:

Sónia R. Bentes, Rui Menezes, Nuno B. Ferreira. On the asymmetric behaviour of stock market volatility: evidence from three countries. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

4. Poppy Diana Sari, Bambang Dwi Argo, J. Bambang W. Rahadi
Optimization of cellulase enzyme production from Trichoderma Reesei and Aspergillus Niger with rice straw as substrate

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.4

Abstract: This study aimed to obtain the optimal conditions of cellulase enzyme production by fungus Trichoderma Reesei and Aspergillus Niger using rice straw as a substrate and being done by Solid State Fermentation System. Optimization divided into two phases, the first phase using 2 variables, the first variable is 3 levels of pH treatment, pH 4, pH 5 and pH 6, the second variable is 10 days of observation time. The second phase of treatment with 2 variables, the first variable is pH level as 6 levels, namely pH x, X.2 pH, pH x.4, x.5 pH, pH X.6, and pH x.8, the second variable is the observation time up to 10 days. Observations were made every 24 hours Each treatment performed 3 replicates and carried out with 2 types of fungus, that obtained 180 units and 360 units of treatment for the first and second phase sequentially. The value of x is revere the pH value of the first phase which produced the highest enzyme activity. Research on the optimal conditions obtained enzyme production by Trichoderma Reesei in the first phase was at pH 5 by incubation for 4.68 days, generating optimal enzyme activity of 1.8 IU / ml, whereas enzyme production by Aspergillus Niger is on pH 4.82, with incubation for 12.1 days, produce optimal enzyme activity of 1.78 IU / ml. The second phase obtained optimal conditions of enzyme production by Trichoderma Reesei at pH 5.4 with 4.69 days of incubation, produces an optimal enzyme activity of 1.8 IU / ml. Whereas on second phase of enzyme production by Aspergillus Niger is at pH 4.83 and incubation for 11.4 days, produces an optimal enzyme activity of 1.80 IU / ml.

Keywords: Cellulase Enzymes, rice straw, Trichoderma Reesei, Aspergillus Niger, pH

Pages:

Cite this article:

Poppy D. Sari, Bambang D. Argo, J. Bambang W. Rahadi. Optimization of cellulase enzyme production from Trichoderma Reesei and Aspergillus Niger with rice straw as substrate. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

5. A. Ouari, M. Benhamou, A. Akouibaa, A. Derouiche, A.R. Senoudi, A. Boussaid
Numerical study of the optical properties of core-shell bimetallic nanospheres gold-gold and gold-silver: comparison to experiment

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.5

Abstract: In this work, use is made of Finite Element Method (FEM) to simulating the optical properties of core-shell bimetallic gold/silver nanostructures. First, we investigate the optical response properties of a nanoparticle formed by a gold-core coated with a silver-shell, and their dependence on compositions of these metals. For this alloy, our numerical results are in good agreement with experimental data. Second, we determine the absorption spectrum of a nanosphere with two metallic shells, gold-gold and silver-gold, for which we study the effect of geometrical and physical parameters of the system, such as the thickness of dielectric inter-shells and the dielectric permittivity of the surrounding medium. Several plasmonic structures have dimensions much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light. Under these conditions, the retardation effects are negligible and the field distribution problem then reduces to solve the Laplace's equation. Finally, the developed scheme based on FEM, enables us to determine the effective dielectric permittivity allowing the computation of the absorption cross-section, as a function of photon energy.

Keywords: Gold and silver nanoparticles, Core-shell nanostructures, Optical properties, Finite element method

Pages:

Cite this article:

A. Ouari, M. Benhamou, A. Akouibaa, A. Derouiche, A.R. Senoudi, A. Boussaid. Numerical study of the optical properties of core-shell bimetallic nanospheres gold-gold and gold-silver: comparison to experiment. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

6. Priyo Sardjono, Wisnu Ari Adi
Preliminary study of processing hematite mineral from local resources as raw material candidates of ferrite magnet

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.6

Abstract: The analysis and characterization of processing hematite mineral from local resources have been performed. Powder of hematite mineral sample is prepared by hematite rocks from Lampung, South Sumatera. The hematite rocks are milled by using high energy milling (HEM) of SPEX 8000 type. The elementary analysis results by using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is obtained that the processing hematite mineral contained the majority of iron (Fe) and oxygen (O). The average of iron content is around 83 wt%. The refinement results of x-ray diffraction pattern shows that the processing hematite mineral consists of two-phases, namely, hematite and staurolite with the mass fraction of 98.87 and 1.13 wt%, respectively. We concluded that this study has successfully carried out processing hematite mineral from local resources become α-Fe2O3 with high purity for raw material candidate of ferrite magnet. Thus this study is expected to provide value-added and can be used as an import substitute so that finally able to improve the competitiveness of national industries.

Keywords: hematite mineral, local resources, milling, processing, and α-Fe₂O₃

Pages:

Cite this article:

P. Sardjono, Wisnu Ari Adi. Preliminary study of processing hematite mineral from local resources as raw material candidates of ferrite magnet. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

7. Rajab Yahyazadeh, Zahra Hashempour, Ovese Marofi
Effect of temperature on the transconductance of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT)

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.7

Abstract: An analytical-numerical model for the electronic current of two dimensional quantum well AlGaN/GaN in high electron mobility transistors has been developed in this paper that is capable of accurately predicting the effect of temperature on the electronic current of two dimensional quantum well and transconductance. Salient futures of the model are incorporated of fully and partially occupied sub-bunds in the interface quantum well. In addition temperature dependent of band gap , quantum well electron density, threshold voltage, mobility of electron, dielectric constant, polarization induce charge density in the device are also take in to account. The calculated model results are in very good agreement with existing experimental data for high electron mobility transistors device.

Keywords: AlGaN/GaN; mobility; threshold voltage; temperature

Pages:

Cite this article:

R. Yahyazadeh, Z. Hashempour, Ovese Marofi. Effect of temperature on the transconductance of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT). International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

8. Nurul Taufiqu Rochman, Wisnu Ari Adi
Preliminary study of the development of absorber electromagnetic wave materials by modifying iron sand

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.8

Abstract: Synthesis and characterization of electromagnetic wave absorber material from modified iron sand using mechanical alloying process has been performed. The material is prepared by iron sand and lanthanum oxide powders. The mixture was milled for 10 h and then sintered at a temperature of 1000 °C for 10 h. The refinement results of x-ray diffraction pattern showed that the sample was single phases, namely La7MgFe6Ti3SiO30 phase. The La7MgFe6Ti3SiO30 phase has a structure orthorombic (P b n m) with lattice parameters a = 5.503(1) Å, b = 5.542(1) Å and c = 7.843(2) Å, α = β = γ = 90°, the unit cell volume of V = 239.2(1) Å3, and the atomic density of ρ = 5.411 gr.cm^-3. The microstructure analyses showed that the particle shapes was polygonal with the varied particle sizes distributed homogeneously on the surface of the sample. The presence of Mg²⁺, Ti⁴⁺, Si⁴⁺ ions and vacancy impacted a very complex on the magnetic coupling interaction of this material. The competition generated was double exchange and superexchange interactions occur between Fe³⁺ and Fe⁴⁺ ions. The results of the electromagnetic wave absorption curve analysis by using a vector network analyzer indicated that the sample can absorb electromagnetic wave in the frequency range of 9-15 GHz with a very wide absorption bandwidth. We concluded that this study has successfully presented potential absorbing property in X and Ku-bands. The width of the absorption frequencies also known as broadband frequency was a great opportunity that the material can be applied as a candidate of electromagnetic waves absorber material.

Keywords: Electromagnetic wave, absorber, magnetic, crystal structure, iron sand

Pages:

Cite this article:

Nurul T. Rochman, Wisnu A. Adi. Preliminary study of the development of absorber electromagnetic wave materials by modifying iron sand. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

9. Ganjar Samudro, Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo
Toxicity test series for choosing biological process and receiving body of safe disposal

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.9

Abstract: This paper presented a method for the selection of biological processes in water and wastes treatment. Selection method used acute toxicity tests for untreated influent and followed by detoxification level measurement. Final chronic toxicity test was needed for treated effluent assessment. Test organisms should involve biodiversity both for microbial process and phytoprocess. This method was able to define the appropriate biological processes and at the same time securing the environment from the disposal of treated effluent.

Keywords: acute, chronic, biodiversity, detoxification, toxicity units

Pages:

Cite this article:

G. Samudro, S. Mangkoedihardjo. Toxicity test series for choosing biological process and receiving body of safe disposal. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

10. Sonja Verra Tinneke Lumowa
Effectiveness of biological agents in an integrated pest management control on potato plants (Solanum
tuberosum L)

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.10

Abstract: The objectives of this study are to see the effectiveness on the use of biological agents in an integrated pest management (IPM) control. The effect of sheed quality and IPm control are examined. This study uses Granula and local variety of potatoes into IPM using biological agents. This study took places in Pest and Disease Laboratory at Sam Ratulangi University Manado, Bogor Institute of Agriculture and potato plants in Modoinding Manado. The study revealed that potato size submerged in the fungi, land cultivation using IPM, and using compose of Trichoderma on Granula and Super Jhon varieties are immum to the pests and diseases. The use of T. koningii can reduce development of pests and increase production as treated using T. koningii.

Keywords: integrated pest management, bilogical agents, potato

Pages:

Cite this article:

S. Verra T. Lumowa. Effectiveness of biological agents in an integrated pest management control on potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L). International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

11. R. Yahyazadeh, Afifeh Ghorbani
Effect of temperature on the sheet resistivity of AlGaN/GaN Nanotransistour

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.11

Abstract: An analytical-numerical model for the sheet resistivity of AlGaN/GaN based high electron mobility transistors has been developed which is capable to accurately predict the effects of temperature on the total mobility, two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and sheet resistivity. In addition, we should take into account the combined from each of the individual electron scattering mechanisms, current and three dimensional electron gas mobility in the barrier of AlGaN. Salient features of the model are incorporated of fully and partially occupied sub-bands in the interface quantum well. Close agreement with the experimental data confirm the validity of the present model.

Keywords: AlGaN/GaN, Nanotransistour

Pages:

Cite this article:

R. Yahyazadeh, A. Ghorbani. Effect of temperature on the sheet resistivity of AlGaN/GaN Nanotransistour. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

12. Hala G. Elnady, Inas R. El-Alameey, Marian Y. Girgis, Lobna S. Sherif, Enas R. Abdel Hameed,
Iman Refaat, Iman Helwa
Serum vitamin D and some bone markers levels in epileptic Egyptian children on antiepileptic drugs

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.12

Abstract: Objectives: The study was designed to estimate serum vitamin D level and some biochemical markers of bone turnover in a group of Egyptian children with epilepsy on antiepileptic drugs. Patients and Methods: This case control cross sectional study was conducted on thirty children with epilepsy (19 males, and 11 females) on anticonvulsant therapy. They were divided into two subgroups according to their mode of therapy; 15 patients under polytherapy in group I, and 15 patients under monotherapy in group II. Twenty apparently healthy children of matched age and sex were recruited as control group. Results Epileptic patients on polytherapy had highly significant low serum 25- hydroxy vitamin D level compared to those on monotherapy (p<0.001) with highly significant differences between patients versus controls (p<0.001). Over two third of patients 80% (24 /30) had low serum 25-OHD levels; 26.67 % (8 /30) had 25- hydroxyl vitamin D levels less than 20 ng/mL, and 53.33 % (16/30) patients had 25- hydroxy vitamin D levels between 21 and less than 32 ng / ml. Differences between the cutoff categories were highly statistically significant for patients versus controls (p<0.001), and among the polytherapy versus monotherapy subgroups (p<0.001). Patients on polytherapy showed highly significant lower level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D compared to those on valoproate alone, or carbamazepine alone (F=32.345, p<0.001) by ANOVA. The mean serum calcium levels were found to be statistically significant lower in epileptic patients compared to control (p<0.01) with no significant difference between the patients subgroups. The mean serum levels of alkaline phosphatase were statistically significant higher in the patients group compared to controls (p<0.001), with no statistically significant difference between patients subgroups. ConclusionOur results revealed high risk of vitamin D deficiency in epileptic children on antiepileptic drugs especially those under long term polytherapy. Alterations of biochemical markers of bone formation suggest an accelerated skeletal turnover. Routine monitoring of serum 25- hydroxy vitamin D is recommended with vitamin D supplementation on an individual basis.

Keywords: epilepsy- children- vitamin D - bone markers - antiepileptic drugs

Pages:

Cite this article:

Hala G. Elnady, Inas R. El-Alameey, Marian Y. Girgis, Lobna S. Sherif, Enas R.A. Hameed, I. Refaat, I. Helwa. Serum vitamin D and some bone markers levels in epileptic Egyptian children on antiepileptic drugs. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

13. Cristian Andy Tănase, Vasile Gheorghiţă Găitan
Use of the SIMD-ization and unrolling for the calculation in double precision in a dynamic and unbalanced distribution of tasks on heterogeneous cluster systems

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.13

Abstract: The paper aims to describe two algorithms for dynamic distribution of tasks in heterogeneous parallel computing system consists of a network of 9 PS3 stations. Initially, it starts from a balanced distribution of calculation about the value of π on the 18 PPU processes of CELLs processors. Then proceed to use SPU processors and using an algorithm for dynamic unbalanced distribution of tasks computing. Finally, use, and SIMD-zitation and unrolling facility of SPU processor, using another unbalanced dynamic distribution algorithm. These algorithms and yields are described and presented.

Keywords: Cell B.E, PS3 Cluster, calculation unbalanced distribution, double precision, SIMD-zitation, unrolling

Pages:

Cite this article:

Cristian A. Tănase, V. Gheorghiţă Găitan. Use of the SIMD-ization and unrolling for the calculation in double precision in a dynamic and unbalanced distribution of tasks on heterogeneous cluster systems. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

14. Badr El-Din E. Hegazy, Hanan A. Fouad, Al-Motaz M. Kamel
Moving bed biofilm reactor with activated sludge for treating paper industrial wastewater

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.14

Abstract: Pulp and paper industry is one of the most polluting industries all over the world that uses significant amount of fresh water and produces substantial amount of solid and liquid waste. Wastewater resulting from paper industry in Upper Egypt was treated using activated sludge process but all chemical and biological parameters were high, thus, in the present study, activated sludge process followed by moving bed biofilm reactor were used in treating paper industrial wastewater with special microorganisms such as Pediococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Pichia sp. The results showed that COD, BOD, TDS and TSS values of raw paper industrial wastewater were 2929.4 mg/L, 676 mgO2/L, 2584.5 mg/L and 1666.3 mg/L as average respectively. While COD, BOD, TDS and TSS values of final effluent after using moving bed biofilm reactor were 36 mg/L, 27.5 mgO2/L, 1077.5 mg/L and 33 mg/L, respectively. The removal efficiencies of COD, BOD, TDS and TSS using activated sludge after adding the special microorganisms were 95.8%, 94.1%, 38.5% and 95.2%, respectively. Moving bed biofilm reactor has an impact on removal of TSS, COD and BOD. The removal efficiency increased using this technique with special microorganisms. The removal efficiencies of COD, BOD, TDS and TSS were 98.7%, 95.9%, 58.3% and 98%, respectively using activated sludge process followed by moving bed biofilm reactor system with special microorganisms. Also, coliforms removal efficiencies were 94.6% for total coliforms and 99.5% for fecal coliforms. From this study, it can be concluded that, the final effluent was suitable for reuse in irrigation and industrial purposes after biological treatment. Biological treatment is more economic and eco-friendly due to its low running and maintenance cost.

Keywords: moving bed biofilm reactor; activated sludge; paper wastewater; microorganisms

Pages:

Cite this article:

Badr El-Din E. Hegazy, Hanan A. Fouad, Al-Motaz M. Kamel. Moving bed biofilm reactor with activated sludge for treating paper industrial wastewater. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

PART B. HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

1. M. Sadiq Sohail, Abdelrahman M. Al-Gwaiz
Determinants of advertising attitudes: the influence of cultural and environmental context

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.1

Abstract: Understanding consumer attitudes toward advertising and the factors shaping these attitudes are essential for mounting an effective promotional campaign. This paper examines the determinants of adverting attitudes in a different cultural and country setting. Saudi Arabia, which is the largest nation in the Arab region, has been chosen for this study. Empirical research is used to determine the factors underlying attitudes toward advertising. Results based on a survey of consumers indicate that consumers’ attitudes towards advertising are mainly influenced by their attitude towards the institution of advertising and the advertising techniques used. Other findings and their implications are discussed. This study makes a valuable contribution to literature given the growing importance of the market in Saudi Arabia, and the efforts marketing and advertising firms have been making to have a better understanding of consumer attitudes.

Keywords: Consumer attitudes, advertising, advertising effectiveness, Saudi Arabia

Pages: 7-13

Cite this article:

M. Sadiq Sohail, Abdelrahman M. Al-Gwaiz. Determinants of advertising attitudes: the influence of cultural and environmental context. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 7-13.

2. Ata Atun
Misleads in the book titled Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.2

Abstract: The Armenian allegations related to the relocation of Armenians during the beginning of First World War, mainly built on the book titled “Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story” written by so-called Mr. Henry Morgenthau Sr. Actually the book was written by the Pulitzer Prize winner of the era Mr. Burton J. Hendrick. He is the ghost writer of this doubtful book and received a very huge lump sum of money from Mr. Morgenthau for his very professional, devoted and rapacious services. The fact is that Ambassador Morgenthau officiated as an US Ambassador in Istanbul from late 1913 to early 1916 but never travelled eastwards on the overland. His book is totally based on hearings and makeup stories created by the two Armenian US Embassy employees. No information in this book is based on any official document released by any neighboring country to the Ottoman Empire or even the US Senate or Congress. When this book is checked against Mr. Morgenthau's Diary, it can be clearly observed by anybody that it includes made up stories rather than reflecting the true life memories. This paper, based on information excerpted from the non Turkish or non Ottoman formal documents and/or official releases, tries the bring into life what happened actually during this era.

Keywords: Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story, Armenian relocation, 1915 Armenian population, Hearings in USA House of Representative, Deportation

Pages: 14-21

Cite this article:

A. Atun. Misleads in the book titled Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 14-21.

3. Omer Faruk Tutkun, Betul Ozturk
The effect of GeoGebra mathematical software to the academic success and the level of Van Hiele geometrical thinking

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.3

Abstract: The aim of this study is to specify the effect of enriched learning environment in which GeoGebra software is used to the students’ academic success and their level of geometrical thinking in the process of teaching “trigonometry and slope” subjects in Mathematics in 8th grade. Research staff consists of totally 52 students in 8th grade of a primary school. Research has been prepared according to experimental model with “pretest-posttest control group.” The results of the research: 1- Academic success of students using Dynamic geometrical software GeoGebra is higher than the success of students not using Dynamic geometrical software. 2- The effect of Dynamic geometrical software GeoGebra to the level of students’ geometrical thinking is not in a meaningful level. 3- In knowledge and application level, there is no significant difference between the values of pretest-posttest and between the experiment and control groups. In comprehension level, there is a significant difference on behalf of the students using GoeGebra software (experimental group). 4- There is not a significant relation between the geometrical thinking level and the academic success. 5- According to the heritability test score, there is a significant difference on behalf of the experimental group.

Keywords: Dynamic Geometry Software, GeoGebra, Geometrical Thinking, Mathematics, Achievement

Pages: 22-28

Cite this article:

O.F. Tutkun, B. Ozturk. The effect of GeoGebra mathematical software to the academic success and the level of Van Hiele geometrical thinking. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 22-28.

4. Ergun Recepoglu
Investigating organizational health of Turkish primary and secondary schools in terms of teacher perceptions

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.4

Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze organizational health of the primary and secondary schools in terms of teacher perceptions. This is a descriptive research in the relational survey model which tries to detect the current situation. The population of the study is teachers who work in the primary and secondary schools in Karabuk province. “Organizational Health Inventory” was used as a data collection instrument. This inventory was developed by Hoy and Miskel(1991) in order to measure the health of the schools. The statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 16 program pack was used for statistical analysis. The frequency, percentage, arithmetical mean and standard deviation of the answers were calculated. Independent t-Test and One-Way ANOVA were performed to analyze the data. According to research findings, it was found that organizational health of schools show a meaningful difference according to teachers’ age and tenure of office while organizational health of schools show a meaningful difference according to teachers’ gender, branch and educational level in terms of teacher perceptions.

Keywords: primary and secondary school, organizational health, teacher

Pages: 29-34

Cite this article:

E. Recepoglu. Investigating organizational health of Turkish primary and secondary schools in terms of teacher perceptions. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 29-34.

5. Sofia Eurico, Patrícia Oom do Valle, João Albino Silva
Satisfaction in tourism-related higher education: the graduates’ perspective

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.5

Abstract: This paper aims to understand those factors which influence the satisfaction of graduates working in the tourism industry towards the attended higher education institutions. The European Customer Satisfaction Index methodology was adapted in order to build a structural equation model which assesses the satisfaction of graduates through a set of directly observable indicators. Graduates already employed in the tourism industry were surveyed. Findings suggest that institutional reputation is the most significant predictor of satisfaction of students regarding their educational experience. This has implications for higher education institutions considering the existing competitiveness among them and the need for strategic planning in providing relevant education and industry-specific knowledge and skills.

Keywords: Tourism Higher Education; Customer Satisfaction; ECSI; Partial Least Squares Path Modelling

Pages: 35-49

Cite this article:

S. Eurico, P. Oom do Valle, João A. Silva. Satisfaction in tourism-related higher education: the graduates’ perspective. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 35-49.

6. Lutfi Uredi
The relationship between the classroom teachers’ level of establishing a constructivist learning environment and their attitudes towards the constructivist approach

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.6

Abstract: In this research, the main purpose was to analyze the relationship between the classroom teachers’ level of establishing a constructivist learning environment and their attitudes towards the constructivist approach. In the research, relational screening model was used. The study sample included totally 504 teachers carrying on their duties in 32 elementary education schools taking place in the province of Mersin Akdeniz, Yenisehir, Toroslar and Mezitli central districts. Teachers’ level of establishing a constructivist learning environment was measured using “Constructivist Learning Environment Scale” (CLES) developed by Tenenbaum et al. (2001) and adapted into Turkish by Fer and Cirik (2006), and their attitudes towards the constructivist approach was measured using “Constructivist Approach Attitude Scale” (CAAS) developed by Evrekli et al. (2009). At the end of the research, a significant relationship was determined between classroom teachers’ level of establishing a constructivist learning environment and their attitudes towards the constructivist approach.

Keywords: Classroom teacher, constructivism, approach, attitude, learning environment

Pages: 50-55

Cite this article:

L. Uredi. The relationship between the classroom teachers’ level of establishing a constructivist learning environment and their attitudes towards the constructivist approach. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 50-55.

7. Seyit Ates
Opinions of pre-service teachers about comprehension instruction with regard to changing paradigms

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.7

Abstract: In this research, opinions of pre-service teachers about comprehension instruction in regard to changing paradigms have been evaluated. In order to gather data in the research, focus group interviews were conducted. A total of 24 pre-service teachers, selected by various criteria, constituted the research sample In the interviews, the participants asked questions about their opinions of teaching reading and reading comprehension, and the data were analyzed by using content analysis. The research findings showed that the participants conceptually regarded reading as an interpretation and meaning making process, however, their ideas with regards to teaching reading and comprehension were distant from a construction that is based on a concept which adopts active and competent students.

Keywords: reading, comprehension instruction, pre-service teacher

Pages: 56-61

Cite this article:

S. Ates. Opinions of pre-service teachers about comprehension instruction with regard to changing paradigms. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 56-61.

8. Shahryar Sorooshian, Choo Wou Onn, Chue Wen Yeen
Malaysian based analysis on e-service

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.8

Abstract: This paper explores the context of electronic-business. Text of the paper links three parts. The first part is an introduction to electronic-business and electronic-commerce. Second parts is a deeper study in electronic-service and electronic-ticketing; and in the last part of the paper , some research gaps are highlighted with suggestion for further studies by business and information technology scholars. In all parts of this paper, authors tried to focus on available data from Malaysia, as their case of study and as a sample for developing countries research.

Keywords: electronic business (e-business); electronic-commerce (e-commerce); electronic-service (e- service); electronic-ticketing (e-ticketing); information technology (IT)

Pages: 62-64

Cite this article:

S. Sorooshian, Choo W. Onn, Chue W. Yeen. Malaysian based analysis on e-service. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 62-64.

9. Yeliz Sirin, Pervin Bilir, Tamer Karademir
The effect of organizational commitment on job performance: the case of the Kahramanmaras Provincial Directorate of Youth Services and Sports

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.9

Abstract: The present study was conducted in order to analyze the effects of affective, continuance and normative commitment, which are the dimensions of organizational commitment, of a group of employees, on their job performance. Forty nine employees of the Kahramanmaras Provincial Directorate of Youth Services and Sports, which is a rural institution, part of the organization of Turkish sports, participated in the study. As a result of analysis of the three dimensions of organizational commitment, there was a continuance commitment dimension in the institution. According to the institutional status of the employees, a significant difference in the job performance among managers, civil servants and other employees with respect to the outside of work socializing variable was found. It was found that there was a significant positive relation between job performance and organizational continuance commitment and normative commitment, but there was not a significant relation between affective commitment and job performance.

Keywords: Job performance, Organizational Commitment, Provincial Directorate of Youth Services and Sports

Pages: 65-71

Cite this article:

Y. Sirin, P. Bilir, T. Karademir. The effect of organizational commitment on job performance: the case of the Kahramanmaras Provincial Directorate of Youth Services and Sports. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 65-71.

10. Aysel Temelli, Murat Kurt
Attitudes of primary education and science education students’ towards science and science education

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.10

Abstract: Achieving desired standards in science education is possible only in the presence of a qualified workforce, that is to say, well trained science teachers. Education of teachers includes training on how to train students, and how to motivate them towards learning. At the same time, the students must develop positive attitudes towards their teachers and towards the courses they take; for attitudes, negative or positive, formed on the basis of a value or belief system, directly affect the learning process and thus shape the future lives of the students. Hence, it is important to identify which factors shape the attitudes students have towards science and science education. This study was conducted to identify and to compare the attitudes held by Primary Education and Science Education students at the Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education at Ataturk University, and the Faculty of Education at Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, towards science and science education. The study was conducted with a sample of 618 students. Data were collected using Science Teaching Attitude Scale II (STAS-II) and analyzed using the SPSS software package. Following expert advice, a pilot study was conducted prior to the research with a group consisting of 105 students, and the reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.70. All volunteering freshmen and senior students attending the PE and SE departments of KKFE and AFE participated in the study. The scale contains a total of 60 items. The analyses conducted failed to detect any statistically significant differences between primary education and science education students at Kazim Karabekir and Agri faculties of education with regards to attitudes towards science, but there were statistically significant differences with regards to attitudes towards science education. In addition, no differences were found between gender groups with regards to the attitudes towards science and science education. In conclusion, it can be argued that the attitudes students have towards science and science education are shaped by environment, technology, teaching faculty, and the science curricula followed.

Keywords: Science, science education, attitudes, primary education, science education

Pages: 72-78

Cite this article:

A. Temelli, M. Kurt. Attitudes of primary education and science education students’ towards science and science education. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 72-78.

11. Fereshteh Shirzad, Khorshid Musavi, Sepide Atmani, Azizeh Khanchobni Ahranjani, Samira Iraji
Gender differences in EFL academic writing

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.11

Abstract: The purpose of this two-phase, sequential mixed methods study was to find out whether there were any decencies between male and female MA students’ theses regarding the common features of academic writing such as syntactic complexity, means of integrating cited information, and organizing arguments. 10 male written theses and 15 female written theses in TEFL and Linguistics are chosen. The results of this study show significant differences between men’s and women’s texts in syntactic complexity, means of integrating cited information, and organizing arguments. The structure of women’s texts tended to be more complex than men’s. The women also used more paraphrases to integrate cited information, but the two gender groups used similar forms of direct quotations. Furthermore, women presented better organized arguments. Those characteristics of the women’s texts presumably would be advantages for their success in academic writing, and indicate a higher level of proficiency in EFL academic writing.

Keywords: Gender differences; EFL academic writing; Syntactic complexity; Means of integrating cited information; Methods of presenting arguments

Pages: 79-87

Cite this article:

F. Shirzad, Kh. Musavi, S. Atmani, Azizeh Kh. Ahranjani, S. Iraji. Gender differences in EFL academic writing. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 79-87.

12. K. Faik Kucuktopuzlu, Musa Cakir
The Kazakhstan in the process of integration into the global economy and cultural factors of creating brand awareness

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.12

Abstract: In recent years, economy of Kazakhstan consistently continues to grow of 10% every year providing significant progress in economic development.Short-term development goals are highly important, but the realization of sustainable development targets that will last for many years is most important. Towards this goal Kazakhstan will be able to take place among 50 competitive countries by further integrating with strong enterprise structure, competitive environment and vitality created by global brands in domestic market in the world economy.

Keywords: Global Economy, Kazakhstan, Brand Awareness, Cultural Factors

Pages: 88-92

Cite this article:

K.F. Kucuktopuzlu, M. Cakir. The Kazakhstan in the process of integration into the global economy and cultural factors of creating brand awareness. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 88-92.

13. Erol Duran
Review of the levels of critical reading skill of the primary school students

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.13

Abstract: This research has been conducted so as to determine the 4th grade primary school students' level of attaining critical reading skills in their Turkish lessons. It is further inquired herein, whether the critical reading skill levels of the students vary depending to the socio-economical level variable. In consideration of the research findings, critical reading attainment level averages of the participant students of the research are seen to vary in between 24.80 and 65.25. In that case, these students seem to having attained the critical reading skills either at medium level, or having not attained such skills at all. It has further been concluded that, nearly total of the students could not have attained the gains “Questions the knowledge, news, and opinions, being transmitted via mass media (newspaper, magazine, TV)” and “Sorts out the expressions being contradictory in semantic terms.” at all. In consideration of the findings addressing to the second sub-problem of the research, the socio-economical level variable is a meaningful factor in general in the critical reading education. In view of most of the critical reading gains of the primary school students, students from higher and medium socio-economical levels seem to be more succesful than those from lower socio-economical levels. However, in view of certain findings, lower and medium, and medium and higher socio-economical level variables do not constitute any difference in terms of their gaining the critical reading skills.

Keywords: Reading, critical reading, socio-economical level

Pages: 93-98

Cite this article:

E. Duran. Review of the levels of critical reading skill of the primary school students. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 93-98.

14. Mohammad Imdadul Haque
Assessing the adequacy of SERVQUAL dimensions in retail banking

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.14

Abstract: Customer satisfaction is undoubtedly determined by service quality. Service quality is measured through a gap analysis of five dimensions of reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy and responsiveness in one of the most commonly acknowledged models, namely SERVQUAL. But price also does impact customer satisfaction. Using factor analysis the importance of pricing aspect can be gauged. This study proposes the introduction of pricing dimensions into SERVQUAL and provides scope for future research with the modified model.

Keywords: Retail banking, Service quality, SERVQUAL, Pricing, Factor analysis

Pages: 99-104

Cite this article:

Mohammad I. Haque. Assessing the adequacy of SERVQUAL dimensions in retail banking. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 99-104.

15. Ahmet Haktan Sivrikaya
Determination of multiple intelligences areas of the teachers of physical education and sports and evaluation of these areas in terms of different variables

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.15

Abstract: The aim of the research was to determine multiple intelligences areas of the teachers of physical education and sports who worked at primary schools and high schools and to evaluate these areas in terms of different variables. It was a descriptive research and was conducted with the teachers of physical education and sports who worked at primary schools and high schools in Balikesir Province during 2011-2012 academic year. Sampling from the population was not made and all of the 100 physical education teachers (50 physical education teachers from primary schools and 50 physical education teachers from high schools) who accepted to take part in the study were included in the sample. In order to explore data about the personal characteristics of the teachers; a questionnaire form designed by the researcher was used and Multiple Intelligences Areas Inventory was employed in order to explore multiple intelligences areas. All of the data obtained from the study were analyzed using SPSS 15 package program and percentages, t-test and variance analysis. Level of significance was set at 0.05. It was found out that scores of verbal/linguistic intelligence, logical/mathematical intelligence and bodily/kinesthetic intelligence of the teachers who worked at primary schools, and the scores interpersonal intelligence of the teachers who worked at high schools were higher on behalf of male teachers. It was noted that scores of musical rhythmic intelligence were higher on behalf of the primary school teachers who worked at private schools.

Keywords: Multiple Intelligences, Physical Education Teachers

Pages: 105-110

Cite this article:

Ahmet H. Sivrikaya. Determination of multiple intelligences areas of the teachers of physical education and sports and evaluation of these areas in terms of different variables. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 105-110.

16. Eriman Topbas
A comparison of teacher training programs in Turkey and Finland

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.16

Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to determine the similarities and differences in the teacher training programs in Turkey and Finland. Within this context, the differences and similarities between the following features of the related programs were researched: a) student acceptance provisions, b) instructional objectives, c) instructional content, d) teaching-learning processes and e) modes of student achievement assessment. This research was conducted with a “horizontal approach” method, one which is frequently used in educational surveys. A document review method was used to collect the data and a “descriptive analysis” method was used to analyze the data. In the process of description, “double column comparison tables” were used. It was observed that there are some similarities between the examined dimensions of the training programs, while there are also some distinct differences.

Keywords: Teacher Training, Comparative Education, Finland

Pages: 111-120

Cite this article:

E. Topbas. A comparison of teacher training programs in Turkey and Finland. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 111-120.

17. Imroatus Solikhah
English for academic purposes voices: a survey on practices and challenges in the state universities of Central Java, Indonesia

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.17

Abstract: This study reports a survey on the implementation of EAP in six universities: UNDIP, UNNES, UNSOED, UGM, UNY, UNS located in Central Java, Indonesia. The objectives of this study are to see: (1) implementation of EAP courses; (2) teaching managements of EAP; and (3) needs analysis to improve EAP programs. Using a survey method and content analysis, this study assigned 120 subjects, reviewed EAP syllabi and textbooks as sources of data, and in-depth interview to collect data. This study discovered: First, implementation of EAP course in state universities in Central Java, Indonesia are regular model and EAP model; Second, management of EAP programs are: study program management, language center management, and self-management; Third, result of needs analysis suggests EAP model, improving teaching materials that uses reading for academic purposes and writing for academic English.

Keywords: EAP, English-speaking university, academic skills

Pages: 121-124

Cite this article:

I. Solikhah. English for academic purposes voices: a survey on practices and challenges in the state universities of Central Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 121-124.

18. Battal Odabasi
The effect of learned helplessness to the success

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.18

Abstract: Learned helplessness is defined as the mental situation appearing after a person is not able to control the actions or chain of actions due to a negative event or many events. According to experimental findings, in an individual who experiences uncontrollable cases, a decreasing effect in the capacity of learning the behaviors to be produced in the controllable cases is observed. Ensuing helplessness arising from this occurring goes on affecting mentally. Learned helplessness is a phenomena happening after a person mentally interprets a situation and indicates this to the behavior. This affects the individuals’ success and failure. The discourses systematically analyzing the learning processes in different aspects, which is really fairly complicated, and trying to explain what learning is, what for it happens in a certain way, and how it happens can be generally observed in two category; behaviorist and cognitive. Behaviorists observe the learning as the relation between stimuli and reaction and generally explain it being learnt of observed behaviors (Ersanli, 2002). Cognitive development consists of thinking, memory, and changes in the language. Cognitive development, according to the schemes occurring in the mind, happens by realizing the new items according to this scheme and absorbing them to it, and adapting them (Kucukkaragoz, 2002). In this study, the effect of phenomena of learned helplessness to the individuals’ success has been worked in behaviorist and cognitive approach. In this study there is a relation between an individual’s success and learned helplessness. Moreover, it was observed that the sex and the economic situation also affected the success. it was understood that the rate of anxiety is higher among the individuals in the low and middle class. Girls were also seen having higher anxiety because of their emotional behaviors. But in the case there was no high emotion mode, their mark average was higher than the boys. It was seen that low anxiety mode affected the success positively.

Keywords: Learned Helplessness, Success, Failure, Anxiety, Conditioning, Learning

Pages: 125-133

Cite this article:

B. Odabasi. The effect of learned helplessness to the success. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 125-133.

19. Erdal Ari, Hamit Cihan, Gokhan Deliceoglu, Hasan Sozen, Ibrahim Can
The evaluation of athletic organizations of international association of athletic federations and olympic games according to critical velocity concept

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.19

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare Critical Velocity (CV) and Anaerobic Distance Capacity (ADC) values of international athletic organizations were determined as The International Association of Athletics Federations World Championship (IAAF-WC), IAAF World Junior Championship (WJC), IAAF Continental Cup (CC) and Olympic Games (OG). The CV and ADC values of international athletic organizations were estimated with linear regression analyze between times to exhaustion and total covered distances. This regression method was defined as linear total distance (Lin-TD) model. International athletic organizations were determined as IAAF World Championship (IAAF-WC), IAAF World Junior Championship (IAAF-WJC), IAAF Continental Cup (IAAF-CC) and Olympic Games (OG) organizations were involved in 800, 1500 and 5000 m. running events. Critical velocity (CV) and anaerobic distance capacity (ADC) values of thirteen IAAF-WC, eight IAAF-WJC, eleven IAAF-CC and twenty-two OG organizations were estimated with Lin-TD model using 800, 1500 and 5000 m. running events. It was determined that there was not any significiant difference among CV and ADC values of four organizations except significiant difference among CV values of IAAF-WC and OG organizations.

Keywords: Critical Velocity, Critical Power, Athletic Organizations, Aerobic Fitness

Pages: 134-138

Cite this article:

E. Ari, H. Cihan, G. Deliceoglu, H. Sozen, I. Can. The evaluation of athletic organizations of international association of athletic federations and olympic games according to critical velocity concept. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 134-138.

20. Djauzi Moedzakir
Implementing action reflection learning approach to improve students’ translation ability

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.20

Abstract: The objectives of this study are to see learning prosecusing Action Refection Learning (ARL) approach to improve ability on translating English texts and to see if ARL increases the ability on translation. This study uses classroom action research with four cycles. Two groups of students are involved as the research subject, 45 students for offering A and 47 students for offering B. Prior to treatments using ARL, pre-test is given to both groups and so is post-test after treatment. In action phase, exercise of translation is given as pre-test. Porfolio on translation products is discussed as reflection. Revision and emphases on the products are used as learning. The study revealed findings that ARL improves students motivation and process of learning. Analysis on t-tests for five cases in offering A and offering B significantly increases ability on translation. ARL gives better result on translation instruction.

Keywords: Action reflection learning, adult learners, non-formal education

Pages: 139-142

Cite this article:

D. Moedzakir. Implementing action reflection learning approach to improve students’ translation ability. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), 139-142.

21. Recep Cengiz, Ugur Abakay, Gonca Korucu
Investigating the relationship between the communication skills and burnout levels of college futsal tournament players

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.21

Abstract: In this study, man and woman athletes involved with the sport of futsal communication skills and carried out to determine whether there is a relationship between burnout levels. The sample of the study 180 (106 male, 74 female) athletes are. Findings of the research to obtain the "Maslach Burnout" and "Communication Scale" of the data analysis, descriptive statistics İndepented sample t test and Pearson's correlation test was used, margin of error was accepted as 0.05. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software. Looking at the results, 73.8% of participants per cent between the ages of 18-22, 58.8% per cent of men and 91.6% in patients defined the school of physical education and sport are understood to be a student. By gender, man and woman athletes with the skills to communicate any relation was found between the levels of burnout (p> 0.05). As a result, athletes' levels of burnout, emotional exhaustion is analyzed correlations while also increasing feelings of depersonalization and personal accomplishment, depersonalization, in which case the low level of increased levels were increased sense of personal accomplishment.

Keywords: Burnout, futsal communication skills, tournament

Pages:

Cite this article:

R. Cengiz, U. Abakay, G. Korucu. Investigating the relationship between the communication skills and burnout levels of college futsal tournament players. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), .

22. Nasrin Arian Parsa, Saba Harati
Art Therapy (poetry therapy) can reduce the effects of depression

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.22

Abstract: Introduction: Depression is a considerable problem all around the world. Results show that 15 to 20% of adults, show signs and symptom of depression. About 30% of people suffer depression during their lives and only 20% of them are receiving treatments (Beck1993). Although dramatic advances of neuroscience and the neural and chemical underpinnings of depression appeared in early 21st century, it is expected that the trend to treat depression shift to medications and pharmacological therapies. Nevertheless, non pharmacologic therapies to treat a variety of mental problems, including depression, are still popular and effective. Among all the therapies, art therapies and more specifically poem therapy has taken up its place as one of the most effective and efficient procedures to treat depression in recent decades. In this study the effect of poetry treatment has been observed on reducing symptoms of depression. Methods: In this research the effect of a seven session poetry treatment on reducing symptoms of depression in a non-clinical sample of girl students was evaluated. In these study twenty nine students whose depression subscale scores were average or above average were selected. Based on the curriculum they were divided into two groups of 14 and 15 and answered to Beck depression questioner. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test based on the relative changes. Findings: The findings showed that the students in the experimental group reported less symptoms of depression, after intervention, as compared to those in the control group.(p=Discussion and conclusion: Results showed that poetry therapy plays a significant role in reducing the symptoms of depression; the previous researches conducted in the field were confirmed and supported by previous studies.

Keywords: art therapy, depression, poem therapy

Pages:

Cite this article:

N. Arian Parsa, S. Harati. Art Therapy (poetry therapy) can reduce the effects of depression. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), .

23. Mustafa Yasar Sahin, Recep Cengiz, Ugur Abakay
The investigation of the ethical leadership roles of school administrators and organizational commitment of physical education teachers

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.23

Abstract: The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between the ethical leadership behaviors exhibited by school administrators and the organizational commitment of the physical education teachers. For this purpose Ethical Leadership Scale (ELO) developed by Yilmaz (2000) and Organizational Commitment Scale developed by Drover (2000) were used to 165 physical education teachers throughout Turkey. In the data analysis process, t-test, analysis of variance, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were applied. As a result of the study it was determined that the organizational commitment levels of the physical education teachers were higher. According to the gender variable, statistically significant differences were found on behalf of women in terms of gender and on behalf of post-graduate education. In addition positive relation was found between communicative ethics sub-dimension and behavioral ethics by 0.467 significant level and a moderate positive relation was found between decision-making and ethics sub-dimension by 0.469 significant level. As a result of the study it has also been found that a positive relationship between four commitment dimensions of teachers’ was observed, so that dimensions act in parallel. While a weak level positive correlation was found between the climatic ethical roles of the school administrators and all of the sub-dimensions of organizational commitment, very weak negative correlations were found between the all others dimensions.

Keywords: Physical Education, Commitment, Leadership, Administrator

Pages:

Cite this article:

Mustafa Y. Sahin, R. Cengiz, U. Abakay. The investigation of the ethical leadership roles of school administrators and organizational commitment of physical education teachers. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), .

24. Rafał Kasperowicz
Energy consumption and economic growth in Poland

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/B.24

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Poland over the sample period of 1996 to 2012. Understanding the energy consumption behavior of economy is a key to guarantee the stability of economic growth and development. The results of the study indicate that there is the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Poland and the relationship is bi-directional. We also discovered the bi-directional causality between capital and economic growth. Based on the causality results, we developed a one-sector aggregate production function using energy consumption as one of the input variables. The evaluated model proved that energy consumption is a pro-growth variable. The obtained results indicate that economic growth of Poland is energy-dependent, so one can state that energy is a limiting factor to economic growth in Poland.

Keywords: Energy consumption, Economic growth, Granger causality, Poland

Pages:

Cite this article:

R. Kasperowicz. Energy consumption and economic growth in Poland. International Journal of Academic Research Part B; 2013; 5(4), .

25. Ziya Bahadir
A research on the class management behaviors and life satisfaction of physical education teachers

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.25

Abstract: This study aims to compare the class management behaviors and life satisfaction of physical education teachers in terms of the variables of gender, length of service and status of having taken in-service training and to examine the relation between class management behaviors and life satisfaction. The samples of the study were 223 physical education teachers, of which 77 were female and 146 were male, working in secondary and high schools in Kayseri in 2012-13 fall semesters. The average age of the teachers was X =35.34±7.09 and the average length of service was X =35.34±7.09. “Scale for Class Management Behaviors of Physical Education Teachers”, developed by Unlu et al. (2009), and “Satisfaction with Life Scale”, developed by Diener et al. (1985) and adapted to Turkish by Koker (1991), were used as data collection tools in the study. For the analysis of the data, descriptive statistical methods, i.e. frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation (Sd), were used for personal information; for the statistical analysis of the data, Non-Parametrical tests, i.e. Mann-Whitney U and Spearman correlation analysis were applied as the conditions of normal distribution and homogeneity were not met. According to the findings, the class management behaviors and life satisfaction of physical education teachers did not show any significant difference by gender, length of service and status of having taken in-service training (p>.05). A significant positive relation was revealed between the class management behaviors and life satisfaction of physical education teachers (r=.253, p=.000; p<.01).

Keywords: Class Management, Class Management Behavior, Physical Education, Physical Education Teacher

Pages:

Cite this article:

Z. Bahadir. A research on the class management behaviors and life satisfaction of physical education teachers. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

26. Mustafa Yildiz
Adaptation of the motivation to read profile to Turkish

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.26

Abstract: Motivation to read is a comprehensive concept which covers the personal approaches, reasons and the perceptions of the readers towards reading. Due to this wide content and importance there were numerous instruments developed for its measurement. One of the most popular ones among these is Motivation to Read Profile (MRP) developed by Gambrell, Palmer, Codling & Mazzoni (1996). The instrument applicable from 2nd to 6th years is constituted by two parts as reading survey and conversational interview. This study is related to the adaptation of the two subscales forming the reading survey into Turkish. The study was participated by 435 3r, 4th and 5th year students . The validity level of the MRP was tested by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and its reliability level was determined by the internal consistency coefficient. Two items which were found to have insufficient factor-item fit index as a result of the analysis were discarded and the final form was formed by 18 items which were found to have satisfactory fit index. The reliability of the scale was found to have a satisfactory ( =.81). Motivation to Read Profile-Turkish Form (MRP-TR) contained 9 items related value of reading and 9 items related to self-concept as a reader. This instrument enables the researches and the teachers to monitor the reading motivation of the students.

Keywords: reading motivation, self-concept as a reader, value of reading

Pages:

Cite this article:

M. Yildiz. Adaptation of the motivation to read profile to Turkish. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

27. Ewa Glińska, Magdalena Florek
In searching for town brand distinguishing features – local leaders' inner perspective

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.27

Abstract: Shaping a positive image of a particular town/city has become one of the possibilities to achieve the competitive advantage of a place. Strategic management of the place image requires from its managers skilful selection of the key elements of place identity to be utilized in the process of shaping the desired image. The objective of this paper is to present the process of identifying identity distinguishing features of nine small towns in Poland in relation to the desired image as seen by local leaders. The research method used was focus group interview. The analysis of the range of perceived distinguishing features of place identity is based on Anholt’s city brand hexagon classification.

Keywords: place identity, place image, place brand, city brand hexagon

Pages:

Cite this article:

E Glińska, M. Florek. In searching for town brand distinguishing features – local leaders' inner perspective . International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

28. Yakup Akif Afyon
Comparison of chance creating and goal scoring skills of two professinal football teams in terms of success

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.28

Abstract: This study is conducted in 2008- 2009 Football Season to investigate chance creating and goal scoring abilities of Fethiye Spor (FS) and Marmaris Belediye Spor (MBS) that are competing in 2.B Turkish Professional Football League (TPFL) in terms of success. In 1st and 2nd half analysis of two matches played by FS and MBS, comparison is made in 17 factors that play role in chance creating and goal scoring. The data is analysed by video recording system and match observation criterion scale method. Match observation criterion scale is a manual notation system. The data obtained by manual notation system are analysed by SPSS for Windows 18 in terms of arithmetic mean and standard deviation. Then, finding the relationship between them significant P<0.05 by “t” test, the differentiation level is investigated. In the end of the study, it is found that FS and MBS in both halves of matches they lost and second half of the match they won, FS created more chances. In the comparison of factors that play role in chance creating and goal scoring in the first half of the match both of the team win; it is observed that FS is more successful than MBS. According to this, it is found that FS has more skills about chance creating and goal scoring than MBS. In the end of the football season this research is carried out, FS was able to stay in the league where MBS was withdrawn to a lower league after group classification matches. As a result, it can be argued that the teams with better skills of chance creating and goal scoring will be more successful.

Keywords: Football, chance creating skill, goal scoring success

Pages:

Cite this article:

Yakup A. Afyon. Comparison of chance creating and goal scoring skills of two professinal football teams in terms of success. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

29 Korkmaz Yigiter
Investigation of the problem solving-skill, self-esteem and preferences of the unıversity students regarding sport and socıal activity in Turkey

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.29

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the problem-solving skill, self-esteem and preferences of university students regarding sport and social activity in Turkey. The research population comprised of the students in English preparatory program which includes 500 students from different departments of the university and all students in this program participated in the study voluntarily. No sampling method was used. As data collection tools, inquiry form, Problem Solving and Coopersmith Self-Esteem inventories were used to determine the demographic variables, scores of problem solving skills and self-esteem of participants, respectively. The findings indicated that there was not a statistically significant difference between males and females in self-esteem (.198, p>0.05) and in problem solving skills (.851, p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between sport and social activity in preferences of the students regarding self-esteem (.0.01, p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between sport and social activity in preferences of the students regarding problem solving skills (.395, p>0.05). Also, problem solving skills and self-esteem differed with some demographic variables. These findings were discussed in terms of the problem solving skills, self-esteem in preferences regarding sport and social activity of the university students. In conclusion, sports have positive effects on self-esteem but not on problem solving skills of the university students. For this reason, recreational physical activity programs could be developed by considering the perspectives and inadequate skills of the students.

Keywords: Problem solving skill, self-esteem, sports participation

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K. Yigiter. Investigation of the problem solving-skill, self-esteem and preferences of the unıversity students regarding sport and socıal activity in Turkey. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

30. Siskandar
Attitude, motivation, and parent’s role perceived by sixth grade students in relation to their achievement in mathematics

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.30

Abstract: The objectives of this study are to find out the relationship between students’ attitude and achievement on mathematics, learning motivation and achievement on mathematics, positive perception toward the role of parents related to learning and achievement on mathematics, and relationship between attitude, motivation, and perception towards the role of parents in learning mathematics altogether and achievement on mathematics. This study uses survey design approaching quantitative methods. Survey was conducted in three sub-districts in Jakarta, covering Matraman, Pula Gadung, and Duren Sawit. Sample of the study is 294 elementary schools selected in multistage random sampling. Data are analyzed using regression and multiple regression applied in SPSS program. The study revealed: that positive significant relationship exists between attitude and achievement; motivation and achievement; perception and achievement, with relative contribution 2.47%; attitude, motivation, role of parents and achievement, giving effective contribution 8.29%; attitude, perception and achievement, giving relative contribution 7.70% and effective contribution up to 5.9%. Free variables give variety of contribution on achievement.

Keywords: attitude, perception, mathematics classroom

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Siskandar. Attitude, motivation, and parent’s role perceived by sixth grade students in relation to their achievement in mathematics. International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .

31. Ender Durualp, Pinar Cicekoglu
A study on the loneliness levels of adolescents who live in an orphanage and those who live with their families

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-4/A.31

Abstract: This study aims to compare the loneliness levels of male adolescents who live in an orphanage and who live with their families. Participants were a total of 86 male adolescents aged between 15-18 years, 43 of whom live in an orphanage and 43 of whom attend high school and live with their parents. Data were gathered with the “Adolescent Introduction Form”, and “UCLA Loneliness Scale” designed by Russell, Peplau and Ferguson and Turkish adapted by Demir. Data obtained in the study were analyzed by using chi square and t-test. The results showed that the male adolescents living in an orphanage experienced moderate loneliness levels (45.46±8.20), while those living with their families experienced low levels of it (36.30±7.58). It was concluded that adolescents living in an orphanage experienced higher levels of loneliness than those living with their families, and that the difference was statistically significant (t₍₈₄₎=5.377,p<.05).

Keywords: adolescent, orphan, loneliness, orphanage

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E. Durualp, P. Cicekoglu. A study on the loneliness levels of adolescents who live in an orphanage and those who live with their families . International Journal of Academic Research Part A; 2013; 5(4), .